{
  "abstract": "Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a heterogeneous disorder with diverse inflammatory profiles. Long-term oxygen therapy (LTOT) identifies a subgroup of patients with advanced disease; however, the systemic inflammatory characteristics of this population remain incompletely defined. Objective: To investigate systemic inflammatory markers in clinically stable COPD patients according to LTOT status and to examine whether elevated NLR reflects conventional inflammatory activation or a distinct immune profile. Methods: This study represents a secondary, exploratory subgroup analysis of a prospectively collected COPD cohort. Patients were stratified according to LTOT status and compared in terms of pulmonary function, gas exchange parameters, and inflammatory markers. NLR was analyzed in relation to total leukocyte count (WBC), C-reactive protein (CRP), eosinophil count, and oxygenation parameters. Between-group comparisons were performed using non-parametric tests, and correlation and multivariable regression analyses were conducted to identify independent associations with NLR. Results: A total of 127 clinically stable COPD patients were included, of whom 31 (24.4%) were receiving LTOT. LTOT-treated patients had significantly higher NLR values compared with non-LTOT patients (6.32 ± 4.87 vs 3.68 ± 2.41, p = 0.001), accompanied by lower lymphocyte and eosinophil counts. In contrast, total leukocyte count and CRP levels were similar between groups. In multivariable analysis, WBC, eosinophil count, and CRP remained independently associated with NLR, whereas oxygenation parameters and pulmonary function measures were not. Conclusions: This study suggests that NLR elevation in advanced COPD may not necessarily reflect overt systemic inflammation, but rather a distinct immune phenotype. Context-specific interpretation of NLR may therefore be required in advanced disease.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Sivas Cumhuriyet University Faculty of Medicine, Sivas, Türkiye"
  ],
  "article_type": "Research Article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 2,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Can Colakoglu"
    },
    {
      "name": "Sefa Levent Ozsahin"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/0vwh8g217f4pp.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1371/journal.pone.0357923",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "0vwh8g217f4pp",
  "issns": [
    "1932-6203"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0357923",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "journal",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "2740|Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Research"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Anatomy/Body fluids/Blood/Blood counts"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Biochemistry/Proteins/C-reactive proteins"
    ],
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      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Cell biology/Cellular types/Animal cells/Blood cells/White blood cells"
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      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Cell biology/Cellular types/Animal cells/Immune cells"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Cell biology/Cellular types/Animal cells/Immune cells/White blood cells"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Immunology/Immune cells"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Immunology/Immune cells/White blood cells"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Immunology/Immune response/Inflammation"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Physiology/Body fluids/Blood/Blood counts"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Medicine and health sciences/Anatomy/Body fluids/Blood/Blood counts"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Medicine and health sciences/Clinical medicine/Signs and symptoms/Inflammation"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Medicine and health sciences/Immunology/Immune cells"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Medicine and health sciences/Immunology/Immune cells/White blood cells"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Medicine and health sciences/Immunology/Immune response/Inflammation"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Medicine and health sciences/Medical conditions/Inflammatory diseases"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Medicine and health sciences/Pulmonology/Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Physical sciences/Chemistry/Chemical elements/Oxygen"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7212233052",
  "pdf_url": "https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0357923&type=printable",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-09-11",
  "publisher": "Public Library of Science",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/0vwh8g217f4pp.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:17:56Z",
      "native_id": "10.1371/journal.pone.0357923",
      "source": "plos",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0357923"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biology",
      "origin": "plos:cell biology",
      "subfield": "cell-biology"
    },
    {
      "field": "biology",
      "origin": "plos:immunology",
      "subfield": "immunology"
    },
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "plos:anatomy",
      "subfield": "physiology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Inflammatory discordance phenotype in COPD: Dissociation between neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and conventional markers",
  "title_text": "Inflammatory discordance phenotype in COPD: Dissociation between neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and conventional markers",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:17:56Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/0vwh8g217f4pp",
  "venue": "PLOS One",
  "versions": []
}