{
  "abstract": "We construct a perturbative scalar-tensor solution describing a central inhomogeneity embedded in an evolving cosmological background, with the aim of studying black hole persistence through a nonsingular bounce. Scalar-tensor gravity provides a natural framework for realizing bouncing cosmologies, while the inclusion of a localized inhomogeneity makes the field equations substantially more difficult to solve. We therefore adopt a perturbative scheme, with perturbative parameter $ε$, in which the leading-order equations are solved by a spatially flat bouncing FLRW spacetime sourced by a radiation perfect fluid. At next order, a central inhomogeneity is introduced through a generalized McVittie geometry, with the perturbations encoded in the corresponding first-order metric and scalar-field functions. We first allow an anisotropic fluid with radial and tangential pressures, whose diagonal components solve the diagonal field equations. The field equations are solved as a series expansion up to $\\mathcal{O}(η^4)$ near the bounce at $η=0$. The resulting perfect fluid solution contains three arbitrary functions which are constrained by requiring the spacetime to asymptote to FLRW as $r\\to\\infty$. With suitable initial conditions preserving the parabolic structure of the bounce, the integration constant $d_0$ emerges as the true perturbative parameter: all perturbations vanish as $d_0\\to0$. Finally, we find a small evolving horizon, $r_h\\sim d_0$, which we interpret as the horizon of the central inhomogeneity. Its persistence through the bounce supports the interpretation of a black hole surviving the cosmological transition, and its evolution is not symmetric about $η=0$.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [],
  "article_type": "Journal reference: Gen. Relativ. Gravit. 58, 111 (2026)",
  "arxiv": "2607.02409",
  "author_total": 2,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "Balkar Yildirim"
    },
    {
      "name": "Alan Albert Coley"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/0vwpa1yx32hcw.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.48550/arxiv.2607.02409",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "0vwpa1yx32hcw",
  "issns": [],
  "landing_url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2607.02409",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": "CC0-1.0",
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "arxiv",
      "gr-qc"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": null,
  "pdf_url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/2607.02409",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-09-20",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/0vwpa1yx32hcw.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:23:19Z",
      "native_id": "2607.02409",
      "source": "arxiv",
      "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2607.02409"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "physics",
      "origin": "arxiv:gr-qc",
      "subfield": "gravitation"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Black Hole Persistence in Scalar Tensor Theories",
  "title_text": "Black Hole Persistence in Scalar Tensor Theories",
  "type": "preprint",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:23:19Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/0vwpa1yx32hcw",
  "venue": "arXiv",
  "versions": [
    {
      "doi": "10.1007/s10714-026-03610-6",
      "pid": null,
      "relation": "published-as",
      "title": null,
      "venue": null
    }
  ]
}