{
  "abstract": "Introduction\n\nThe health consequences of exposure to tobacco smoke during childhood can be more severe than those associated with exposure in adulthood. Exposure to secondhand smoke is also a significant issue for children, who constitute a vulnerable group. While urinary cotinine measurements serve as metabolic indicators of nicotine exposure, measurements of 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) reflect DNA damage. This study evaluates the results of urine analysis obtained from healthy children, classified according to household smoking status.Methods\n\nIn this cross-sectional study, urinary cotinine and 8-OHdG levels of a total of 97 children living in smoke-free homes, where only one adult smoked, and more than one adult used tobacco, were analyzed as a ratio to creatinine using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. Families of children visiting the pediatric outpatient clinic for routine examinations were categorized based on their smoking habits. Additionally, a questionnaire using the Beliefs About Third-Hand Smoke (BATHS) scale was administered to these parents to evaluate their attitudes and beliefs regarding smoking.Results\n\nUrinary cotinine/creatinine levels were determined as 35.6 ± 5.17 pg/mg creatinine in the non-smokers (NS) group, 57.35 ± 4.84 pg/mg creatinine in the one person smoked (OPS) group, and 89.2 ± 5.3 pg/mg creatinine in the multiple people smoked (MPS) group. A statistically significant difference was found among all three groups (p<0.001). Urinary 8-OHdG levels differed significantly between the NS group and the other groups. However, no statistically significant difference was found when comparing the smoking OPS and MPS groups (p>0.05). Furthermore, we found a negative correlation between these two parameters and the BATHS score.Conclusions\n\nOur study has shown that biomarker levels considered indicators of childhood secondhand smoke exposure may be associated with factors such as the number of smokers in the home. Furthermore, the findings suggest that the attitudes and beliefs of parents and household members regarding smoking may also be linked to the intensity of exposure.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Health Sciences University, Fatih Sultan Mehmet Training and Research Hospital, Medical Biochemistry Laboratory, Istanbul, Turkey.",
    "Faculty of Medicine, Chest Diseases Department, Istanbul Okan University, Istanbul, Turkey.",
    "Department of Internal Medicine, Health Sciences University Fatih Sultan Mehmet Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.",
    "Department of Pediatrics, Health Sciences University, Sancaktepe Şehit Prof. Dr. İlhan Varank Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey."
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 5,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Asuman Akkaya Fırat"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "İlkay Keskinel"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Müzeyyen Eryılmaz"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Haluk Kılıç"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Şirin Güven"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/0w7b8jn5gnpwb.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.18332/tid/240349",
  "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13693463",
  "id": "0w7b8jn5gnpwb",
  "issns": [
    "2070-7266",
    "1617-9625"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42921500",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "2737|Smoking Behavior and Cessation"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7223315310",
  "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13693463?pdf=render",
  "pmcid": "PMC13693463",
  "pmid": "42921500",
  "published": "2026-10-23",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/0w7b8jn5gnpwb.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:20:33Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42921500",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42921500"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2737|Smoking Behavior and Cessation",
      "subfield": "physiology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "The effect of childhood exposure to secondhand smoke on urinary cotinine and 8 hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine levels: A cross-sectional study.",
  "title_text": "The effect of childhood exposure to secondhand smoke on urinary cotinine and 8 hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine levels: A cross-sectional study.",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:20:33Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/0w7b8jn5gnpwb",
  "venue": "Tobacco induced diseases",
  "versions": []
}