{
  "abstract": "Although microtrauma is considered a potential environmental factor in the development of ankylosing spondylitis (AS), there is a lack of experimental research regarding its precise contribution to disease pathogenesis. To induce physiological microtrauma, the right ankles of SKG mice were immobilized for a week using surgical plaster and a pipette tip to stimulate compensatory mechanical overload in the contralateral limb. Following the removal of the immobilization, the mice were intraperitoneally injected with 3 mg of Curdlan. In this model, the non-immobilized left ankle served as the microtraumatized group, while the immobilized right ankle served as the internal control. Arthritis severity was clinically scored weekly for 5 weeks. At 6 weeks, ankle, hip, and sacroiliac (SI) joint changes were evaluated using histological and micro-CT analyses. The microtraumatized (left) ankles of Curdlan-injected SKG mice exhibited exacerbated arthritis severity, synovitis, and enthesitis compared with the control ankles. Micro-CT analysis revealed a significantly elevated inflamed bone volume in the microtraumatized ankles. Immunohistochemistry showed markedly higher expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) in the synovium and enthesis of the microtraumatized ankles. Notably, distant pathological changes, including proteoglycan loss and joint space narrowing, were also observed in the left hip joints. Collectively, these findings indicate that compensatory microtrauma significantly exacerbates joint inflammation and pathological bone destruction in the Curdlan-injected SKG mouse model, highlighting mechanical stress as a critical aggravating factor in AS progression.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Hanyang University Institute for Rheumatology Research (HYIRR), Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea",
    "Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea",
    "Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Chungcheongnam-do, South Korea",
    "Department of Rheumatology, Hanyang University Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Seoul, South Korea"
  ],
  "article_type": "Research Article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 7,
  "authors": [
    {
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        0
      ],
      "name": "Seung Hoon Lee"
    },
    {
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        1
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      "name": "Dongju Kim"
    },
    {
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        2
      ],
      "name": "Chanhyeok Jeon"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Hye-Ryeong Jo"
    },
    {
      "name": "Jeehee Youn"
    },
    {
      "name": "Sungsin Jo"
    },
    {
      "name": "Tae-Hwan Kim"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/0x8thb7mfewx7.bib",
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  "doi": "10.1371/journal.pone.0360912",
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    "1932-6203"
  ],
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  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "journal",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
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  "native_subjects": [
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      "2745|Spondyloarthritis Studies and Treatments"
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    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Anatomy/Body limbs/Legs/Ankles"
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      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Anatomy/Musculoskeletal system/Skeleton/Skeletal joints"
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      "/Biology and life sciences/Physiology/Immune physiology/Cytokines"
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    [
      "plos",
      "/Medicine and health sciences/Anatomy/Body limbs/Legs/Ankles"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Medicine and health sciences/Anatomy/Musculoskeletal system/Skeleton/Skeletal joints"
    ],
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      "/Medicine and health sciences/Clinical medicine/Signs and symptoms/Inflammation"
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      "plos",
      "/Medicine and health sciences/Immunology/Immune response/Inflammation"
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      "plos",
      "/Medicine and health sciences/Immunology/Immune system/Innate immune system/Cytokines"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Medicine and health sciences/Rheumatology/Arthritis"
    ],
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      "/Physical sciences/Physics/Classical mechanics/Mechanical stress"
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      "/Research and analysis methods/Animal studies/Experimental organism systems/Animal models/Mouse models"
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  "pdf_url": "https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0360912&type=printable",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-15",
  "publisher": "Public Library of Science",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/0x8thb7mfewx7.ris",
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    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:17:23Z",
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  "subjects": [
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      "origin": "plos:immunology",
      "subfield": "immunology"
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    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "plos:anatomy",
      "subfield": "physiology"
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  "title": "Effects of microtrauma on joint structural changes in the Curdlan-injected SKG mouse model of ankylosing spondylitis",
  "title_text": "Effects of microtrauma on joint structural changes in the Curdlan-injected SKG mouse model of ankylosing spondylitis",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:17:23Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/0x8thb7mfewx7",
  "venue": "PLOS One",
  "versions": []
}