{
  "abstract": "The increasing use of subunit and recombinant vaccines has created a demand for safe and effective adjuvants capable of enhancing immune responses. Here, we investigated a saponin-rich fraction isolated from Herniaria glabra as a source of novel nanoparticulate vaccine adjuvants. The saponins spontaneously self-assembled with lipid components to form stable nanocomplexes with favorable physicochemical characteristics. In a murine immunization model using viral glycoprotein antigens, these nanocomplexes significantly enhanced antigen-specific immune responses, increasing antibody titers by 8- to 16-fold compared with antigen alone. Their adjuvant activity exceeded that of aluminum hydroxide and approached that of Quillaja saponaria-derived saponin formulations. The nanocomplexes also induced balanced cellular immune responses comparable to those reported for Quil A-based nanosystems. These findings identify H. glabra as a promising alternative source of bioactive saponins and demonstrate the potential of plant-derived nanocomplexes as versatile adjuvant platforms for next-generation vaccines.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Research and Production Center for Microbiology and Virology, Almaty 050010, Kazakhstan"
  ],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 11,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Andrey Bogoyavlenskiy"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Madina Alexyuk"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Pavel Alexyuk",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-3638-3341"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Elmira Omirtayeva"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Irina Zaitseva"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Yergali Moldakhanov"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Elmira Anarkulova",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-1875-177X"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Kuralay Akanova"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Timur Kerimov",
      "orcid": "0009-0005-6691-4969"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Aziza Temirbayeva",
      "orcid": "0009-0009-3098-3005"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Vladimir Berezin",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-2648-8975"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/0xfab4n8etdmt.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3390/molecules31193523",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "0xfab4n8etdmt",
  "issns": [
    "1420-3049"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/31/19/3523",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "2403|Immunotherapy and Immune Responses"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7215694001",
  "pdf_url": null,
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-02",
  "publisher": "MDPI AG",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/0xfab4n8etdmt.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:18:42Z",
      "native_id": "10.3390/molecules31193523",
      "source": "crossref",
      "url": "https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/31/19/3523"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biology",
      "origin": "openalex:2403|Immunotherapy and Immune Responses",
      "subfield": "immunology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Evaluation of the Adjuvant Activity of Herniaria glabra Saponin-Based Nanoadjuvants",
  "title_text": "Evaluation of the Adjuvant Activity of Herniaria glabra Saponin-Based Nanoadjuvants",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:18:42Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/0xfab4n8etdmt",
  "venue": "Molecules",
  "versions": []
}