{
  "abstract": "The pair transverse momentum ( k T ) and collision-energy ( s N N ) dependent difference between π + π + and π − π − femtoscopic correlations was observed by the HADES and STAR Collaborations. We investigate how much of the observed splitting can be accounted for by Coulomb dynamics in 0–10% central Au+Au collisions at s N N = 2.42 –5.2 GeV. Using the UrQMD model and the CRAB programme, three transport scenarios that successively include baryon–baryon, baryon–meson, and meson–meson Coulomb interactions are considered. In a separate calculation based on the baryon–baryon reference, we reconstruct the time-dependent effective charge Z eff ( t ) and radius R eff ( t ) of the residual charged source and propagate each pion from its individual last strong-interaction point through the evolving field. The calculations reproduce the main k T and s N N dependences of the radii. Baryon–meson Coulomb interactions generate most of the additional charge splitting in the microscopic calculation. The residual-source treatment also enhances the longitudinal and sideward radius ratios relative to the reference, whereas the outward ratio changes little, and the enhancement generally decreases with increasing s N N . Within the present framework, this contribution does not fully account for the data, motivating further investigation of the charged-source geometry and its interplay with strong-interaction dynamics.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 3,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "Pengcheng Li",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-7750-4034"
    },
    {
      "name": "Yongjia Wang"
    },
    {
      "name": "Qingfeng Li",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-8275-8100"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/0xvd0qkhv8gf1.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1016/j.physletb.2026.141081",
  "fulltext_url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0370269326009317",
  "id": "0xvd0qkhv8gf1",
  "issns": [
    "0370-2693",
    "1873-2445"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0370269326009317",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "lcc",
      "QC1-999"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "3106|High-Energy Particle Collisions Research"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7214043294",
  "pdf_url": null,
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-30",
  "publisher": "Elsevier BV",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/0xvd0qkhv8gf1.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:18:06Z",
      "native_id": "10.1016/j.physletb.2026.141081",
      "source": "crossref",
      "url": "https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0370269326009317"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T13:44:59Z",
      "native_id": "ea338c13ac8549ae85f3666480e9ba4d",
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      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2026.141081"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "physics",
      "origin": "openalex:3106|High-Energy Particle Collisions Research",
      "subfield": "high-energy"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Dynamical Coulomb effects on charged-pion HBT-radius splitting in central Au+Au collisions at few-GeV energies",
  "title_text": "Dynamical Coulomb effects on charged-pion HBT-radius splitting in central Au+Au collisions at few-GeV energies",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T13:44:59Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/0xvd0qkhv8gf1",
  "venue": "Physics Letters B",
  "versions": [
    {
      "doi": "10.48550/arxiv.2609.23422",
      "pid": "dc0zbxwjhhzgq",
      "relation": "preprint",
      "title": "Dynamical Coulomb effects on charged-pion HBT-radius splitting in central Au+Au collisions at few-GeV energies",
      "venue": "arXiv"
    }
  ]
}