{
  "abstract": "Most people living with HIV-1 (HIV) are diagnosed during the chronic stage of infection, at which point viral setpoint has been established and a substantial immunopathologic damage in the secondary lymphatic tissues (LTs) has been induced. To better characterize virus-host interaction and immunopathologic damage in LTs, we investigated viral spatial distribution patterns and the corresponding LT structural alterations in SIV chronically infected rhesus macaques. Using RNAscope in-situ hybridization (RNAscope) and a combination of CODEX with RNAscope (Comb-CODEX-RNAscope), we demonstrated that in chronic infection, SIV viral RNA (vRNA) is predominantly resides within B-cell follicles with minimal presence in T-cell zones, and there is significant B-cell follicular damage, encompassing follicular hyperplasia, fibrosis, and disintegration of the germinal center. Using high-resolution quantitative spatial Comb-CODEX-RNAscope, our results confirm that the B-cell follicles act as a critical microanatomical niche for sustained viral replication, virus-host interaction and tissue damage during SIV chronic infection.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Nebraska Center for Virology and School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA.",
    "The Wistar Institute, HIV Cure and Viral Diseases Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.",
    "BIOQUAL, Inc., Rockville, Maryland, USA."
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 6,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Yilun Cheng",
      "orcid": "0009-0008-9055-4731"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Miaoyun Zhao",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-4857-2334"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Jackson Chen"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Subhra Mandal",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-0047-4305"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Mark G Lewis",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-7852-0135"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Qingsheng Li",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-4101-4073"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/0zf61pc7e9xny.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1002/jmv.71200",
  "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13715054",
  "id": "0zf61pc7e9xny",
  "issns": [
    "0146-6615",
    "1096-9071"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42949219",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "Research Article"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2406|HIV Research and Treatment"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W4416432078",
  "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13715054?pdf=render",
  "pmcid": "PMC13715054",
  "pmid": "42949219",
  "published": "2026-10-28",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/0zf61pc7e9xny.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-31T00:20:33Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42949219",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42949219"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-01T12:22:26Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13715054",
      "source": "pmc",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.71200"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biology",
      "origin": "openalex:2406|HIV Research and Treatment",
      "subfield": "microbiology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "B-Cell Follicles in the Secondary Lymphatic Tissues Act as a Critical Microanatomical Niche for Sustained Viral Replication, Virus-Host Interaction and Damage During Chronic SIV Infection of Rhesus Macaques.",
  "title_text": "B-Cell Follicles in the Secondary Lymphatic Tissues Act as a Critical Microanatomical Niche for Sustained Viral Replication, Virus-Host Interaction and Damage During Chronic SIV Infection of Rhesus Macaques.",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-01T12:22:26Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/0zf61pc7e9xny",
  "venue": "Journal of medical virology",
  "versions": []
}