{
  "abstract": "Background: The MDM2–p53 signaling pathway plays a central role in tumor suppression, and genetic variants that disrupt this pathway may influence breast cancer (BC) susceptibility. However, data from South Asian populations, particularly Bangladesh, remain limited. Methods: A case–control study was conducted in Bangladeshi women, including BC patients and healthy controls (HCs). Genotyping of MDM2 polymorphisms was performed using PCR-based methods. Circulating MDM2 and p53 protein levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). Associations between genotype, protein levels, BC status, and clinicopathological features were evaluated using appropriate statistical models. Results: Women carrying the heterozygous TG genotype had a markedly increased risk of BC across additive, dominant, and over-dominant models, whereas the GG genotype showed a protective effect under the recessive model. In contrast, rs937282 did not show a significant association with BC risk. Circulating MDM2 levels were significantly elevated in patients compared with controls and varied by rs2279744 genotype, while circulating p53 levels showed an opposite trend. A strong inverse correlation was observed between serum MDM2 and p53 levels, suggesting a potential association with the MDM2–p53 regulatory pathway. Elevated MDM2 levels were also noted in HER2-positive and triple-positive BC subtypes. Conclusion: Together, these findings suggest that the MDM2 rs2279744 polymorphism is associated with breast cancer susceptibility and genotype-specific differences in circulating MDM2 and p53 levels. However, the absence of functional validation limits direct causal inference.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Research Lab, Rufaida BioMeds, Aftabnagar, Dhaka, Bangladesh",
    "Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, BRAC University, Kha 224 Bir Uttam Rafiqul Islam Avenue, Merul Badda, Dhaka, Bangladesh",
    "School of Pharmacy, BRAC University, Kha 224 Bir Uttam Rafiqul Islam Avenue, Merul Badda, Dhaka, Bangladesh",
    "Department of Rheumatology, Bangladesh Medical University, Kazi Nazrul Islam Avenue, Dhaka, Bangladesh"
  ],
  "article_type": "Research Article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 11,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Mahim Hassan Chowdhury"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Farzana Islam"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Adiba Ayesha Khan"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Md. Ayman Siddique"
    },
    {
      "name": "Nushaiba Binte Hasan"
    },
    {
      "name": "Mahinul Islam Samrat"
    },
    {
      "name": "Mehrin Haque Tanisha"
    },
    {
      "name": "Jarin Tasnim"
    },
    {
      "name": "Samiha Mahjabin"
    },
    {
      "name": "Md. Nazmul Islam"
    },
    {
      "name": "Md. Aminul Haque"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/0zfc5cebcert8.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1371/journal.pone.0350622",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "0zfc5cebcert8",
  "issns": [
    "1932-6203"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0350622",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "journal",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "2730|Cancer-related Molecular Pathways"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Genetics"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Genetics/Heredity"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Genetics/Heredity/Genetic mapping/Variant genotypes"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Genetics/Heredity/Heterozygosity"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Genetics/Human genetics"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Genetics/Single nucleotide polymorphisms"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Medicine and health sciences/Epidemiology/Medical risk factors/Cancer risk factors"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Medicine and health sciences/Oncology/Cancer risk factors"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Medicine and health sciences/Oncology/Cancers and neoplasms/Breast tumors/Breast cancer"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7204933456",
  "pdf_url": "https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0350622&type=printable",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-09-01",
  "publisher": "Public Library of Science",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/0zfc5cebcert8.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:18:02Z",
      "native_id": "10.1371/journal.pone.0350622",
      "source": "plos",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0350622"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biology",
      "origin": "plos:genetics",
      "subfield": "genetics-genomics"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Association of MDM2 rs2279744 and rs937282 polymorphisms with breast cancer susceptibility and circulating MDM2 and p53 levels in Bangladeshi women: A case-control study",
  "title_text": "Association of MDM2 rs2279744 and rs937282 polymorphisms with breast cancer susceptibility and circulating MDM2 and p53 levels in Bangladeshi women: A case-control study",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:18:02Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/0zfc5cebcert8",
  "venue": "PLOS One",
  "versions": []
}