{
  "abstract": "Background: This study aimed to assess the prevalence, severity, and associated factors of dental caries in permanent teeth among 12-year-old adolescents in Shanghai, China.\n\nMethods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2021 among 1,305 adolescents from six randomly selected districts. Clinical examinations recorded dental caries (DMFT index), gingival bleeding, dental calculus, pit-and-fissure sealant, and dental crowding. Questionnaires collected data on sociodemographics, oral hygiene, sugar intake, and dental service use. A zero-inflated negative binomial regression model was used to identify factors associated with caries prevalence and severity.\n\nResults: Caries prevalence was 27.9% (mean DMFT = 0.61 ± 1.26), with 72.1% caries-free and 17.1% having untreated decay. Caries burden was highly polarized: the top 10% accounted for 60% of total DMFT. In the multivariable ZINB model, female sex, dental crowding, gingival bleeding, and occasional toothache were associated with higher odds of having caries, while pit-and-fissure sealants and positive oral health attitudes were associated with being caries-free. Among affected adolescents, daily flossing, moderate-frequency sugar intake, poor self-rated oral health, and dental calculus were linked to greater caries severity.\n\nConclusion: Caries prevalence among 12-year-olds in Shanghai has continued to decline over the past four decades, yet substantial untreated cases and polarization remain. Future strategies should strengthen monitoring and follow-up care for high-risk adolescents, while scaling up sealant coverage and promoting healthy dietary and oral hygiene practices.\n\nSupplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-026-28707-0.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Preventive Dentistry, School of Stomatology, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China",
    "Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, China",
    "Xuhui District Dental Centre, Shanghai, China",
    "Minhang District Dental Centre, Shanghai, China",
    "Jing’an District Dental Centre, Shanghai, China",
    "Pudong District Dental Centre, Shanghai, China",
    "Putuo District Dental Centre, Shanghai, China"
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 14,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Bin Yang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Yiwei Jiang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Huning Wang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Hao Zhang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Dongxin Da"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Jin Yu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Hongru Su"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Hongyan Shi"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Qiwen Chen"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5
      ],
      "name": "Zhengang Wu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        6
      ],
      "name": "Jiangtao You"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Ying Zhang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Jing Zhu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Xiaoli Zeng"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/0zsm1r3ma1cm7.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1186/s12889-026-28707-0",
  "fulltext_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13737898/",
  "id": "0zsm1r3ma1cm7",
  "issns": [
    "1471-2458"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-026-28707-0",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY-NC-ND-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY-NC-ND 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "Research"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "3500|Dental Health and Care Utilization"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7202034748",
  "pdf_url": null,
  "pmcid": "PMC13737898",
  "pmid": "42983373",
  "published": "2026-08-10",
  "publisher": "BMC",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/0zsm1r3ma1cm7.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-09T12:22:59Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13737898",
      "source": "pmc",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-026-28707-0"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "issn:1471-2458",
      "subfield": "epidemiology-public-health"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Dental caries among 12-year-old adolescents in shanghai: a cross-sectional study on prevalence, severity, and associated risk factors",
  "title_text": "Dental caries among 12-year-old adolescents in shanghai: a cross-sectional study on prevalence, severity, and associated risk factors",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-09T12:22:59Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/0zsm1r3ma1cm7",
  "venue": "BMC Public Health",
  "versions": []
}