{
  "abstract": "The $x^2$ moment of the genuine twist-3 component of the unpolarized scalar parton distribution function $e(x)$ is related to the average transverse color Lorentz force experienced by a transversely polarized quark in an unpolarized nucleon. This higher-twist quantity probes quark--gluon correlations and provides unique insight into the nonperturbative dynamics of quantum chromodynamics. For the first time, we study the corresponding off-forward matrix element and derive its Lorentz-covariant decomposition in terms of generalized form factors. We calculate these form factors from light-front wave functions obtained by solving the light-front Hamiltonian eigenvalue problem within the Basis Light-Front Quantization framework. Their Fourier transforms provide a spatial picture of the transverse color forces in impact-parameter space. In particular, $\\mathscr{F}_2$, whose forward limit is directly related to the twist-3 matrix element $e_2$, can be interpreted as the impact-parameter-space representation of the Boer--Mulders force, providing an intuitive spatial picture of the final-state interaction mechanism underlying the Boer--Mulders effect.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": "2610.18063",
  "author_total": 5,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "Ziqi Zhang"
    },
    {
      "name": "Chandan Mondal"
    },
    {
      "name": "Siqi Xu"
    },
    {
      "name": "Xingbo Zhao"
    },
    {
      "name": "James P. Vary"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/101n20gxngcbg.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.48550/arxiv.2610.18063",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "101n20gxngcbg",
  "issns": [],
  "landing_url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.18063",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "LicenseRef-arXiv-nonexclusive-1.0",
  "licence_label": "arXiv licence",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/",
  "metadata_licence": "CC0-1.0",
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "arxiv",
      "hep-ph"
    ],
    [
      "arxiv",
      "nucl-th"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "3106|Quantum Chromodynamics and Particle Interactions"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7221774170",
  "pdf_url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/2610.18063",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-13",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/101n20gxngcbg.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:29:11Z",
      "native_id": "2610.18063",
      "source": "arxiv",
      "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.18063"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "physics",
      "origin": "arxiv:hep-ph",
      "subfield": "high-energy"
    },
    {
      "field": "physics",
      "origin": "arxiv:nucl-th",
      "subfield": "nuclear"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Color Lorentz force on a transversely polarized quark in the nucleon",
  "title_text": "Color Lorentz force on a transversely polarized quark in the nucleon",
  "type": "preprint",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:29:11Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/101n20gxngcbg",
  "venue": "arXiv",
  "versions": []
}