{
  "abstract": "A new series of brominated 1,4-dihydropyridine derivatives bearing various aryl and heteroaryl substituents was successfully synthesized through a microwave-assisted multicomponent Hantzsch reaction followed by bromination under solar irradiation. The synthesized compounds were characterized by IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR spectroscopy and elemental analyses. Their insecticidal activities were evaluated against adult and nymphal stages of the cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii, using the leaf-dipping bioassay technique. Biological evaluation demonstrated that all synthesized derivatives exhibited significant insecticidal activity, with nymphs showing greater susceptibility than adults. Among the tested compounds, derivative 5e displayed the highest activity, with LC50 values of 0.18 and 3.03 mg L-1 against nymphs and adults, respectively. To investigate the potential mode of action, molecular docking studies were performed against acetylcholinesterase (AChE). All compounds showed favorable binding affinities toward the enzyme, ranging from -8.3 to -9.0 kcal mol-1. Compound 5d exhibited the strongest predicted binding affinity (-9.0 kcal mol-1), while the biologically most active derivative, 5e, showed a docking score of -8.7 kcal mol-1. The combined biological and computational results indicate that brominated 1,4-dihydropyridine derivatives represent promising lead structures for the development of new insecticidal agents against A. gossypii.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, University of Jeddah Jeddah Saudi Arabia mohamed.sharaf@science.sohag.edu.eg.",
    "Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Umm Al-Qura University 21955 Makkah Saudi Arabia saahmed@uqu.edu.sa saleh_63@hotmail.com.",
    "Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Sohag University Sohag 82524 Egypt mim_chem2@yahoo.com.",
    "Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University Abha 61413 Saudi Arabia.",
    "Plant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center 12112 Giza Egypt.",
    "Department of Chemistry, Jamoum University College, Umm Al-Qura University 21955 Makkah Saudi Arabia."
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 10,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Israa J Hakeem"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Munirah M Al-Rooqi"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Moumen S Kamel",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-7803-6551"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Abdullah Yahya Abdullah Alzahrani"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Ahmed G Khamis"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Ali M Drar"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Amer A Amer"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5
      ],
      "name": "Rabab S Jassas"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Saleh A Ahmed",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-2364-0380"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Mohamed Sharaf"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/10exzersnyhas.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1039/d6ra08804j",
  "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13715664",
  "id": "10exzersnyhas",
  "issns": [
    "2046-2069"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42953411",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "Chemistry"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "1605|Multicomponent Synthesis of Heterocycles"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7224122930",
  "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13715664?pdf=render",
  "pmcid": "PMC13715664",
  "pmid": "42953411",
  "published": "2026-10-28",
  "publisher": "Royal Society of Chemistry",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/10exzersnyhas.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-31T00:20:40Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42953411",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42953411"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-01T12:22:53Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13715664",
      "source": "pmc",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1039/d6ra08804j"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "chemistry",
      "origin": "openalex:1605|Multicomponent Synthesis of Heterocycles",
      "subfield": "organic"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Brominated 1,4-dihydropyridine derivatives as potential insecticides against the cotton aphid (Aphis gossypii): synthesis, characterization, biological evaluation, and molecular docking studies.",
  "title_text": "Brominated 1,4-dihydropyridine derivatives as potential insecticides against the cotton aphid (Aphis gossypii): synthesis, characterization, biological evaluation, and molecular docking studies.",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-01T12:22:53Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/10exzersnyhas",
  "venue": "RSC advances",
  "versions": []
}