{
  "abstract": "Insect-derived peptides have attracted increasing attention due to their potential health-promoting properties. This study investigated peptides released from Galleria mellonella (W) and Alphitobius diaperinus (B) proteins following a modified static INFOGEST protocol. Digestion-derived peptides were identified by LC-MS/MS and evaluated for anti-inflammatory activity using in vitro assays, bioinformatic prediction, and molecular docking, focusing on IKK-β as a key regulator of the NF-κB pathway. At 500 μg protein/mL, W-I2h and B-I2h reduced NF-κB reporter activity by 28.7% and 53.5%, respectively, and decreased nitric oxide production by 31%. Digestates also reduced IL-6, TNF-α, IFN-γ, and IL-1β secretion at selected concentrations and decreased IL-6 and IL-1β mRNA expression. Conversely, 25 μg protein/mL increased IL-1β secretion by 109.4% and 102.1%, respectively. Increased HO-1 and γGCS transcripts suggested modulation of Nrf2-responsive gene expression, although pathway activation was not confirmed. These findings demonstrate concentration-dependent immunomodulatory effects and identify candidate peptides for future validation.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, LeedsLS2 9JT, U.K.",
    "School of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing400715, China.",
    "National Alternative Protein Innovation Centre (NAPIC), LeedsLS2 9JT, UK.",
    "Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnological Engineering, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QuebecJ1K 2R1, Canada.",
    "Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Université Laval, Quebec, QuebecG1V 0A6, Canada."
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 5,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Zidan Ma"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        2
      ],
      "name": "Christine Boesch",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-6705-5709"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3,
        4
      ],
      "name": "Martin Mondor"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Oscar Abel Sánchez-Velázquez"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        2
      ],
      "name": "Alan Javier Hernández-Álvarez",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-4154-8630"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/117yfznsxz20d.bib",
  "cited_by": 1,
  "doi": "10.1021/acs.jafc.6c09355",
  "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13651608",
  "id": "117yfznsxz20d",
  "issns": [
    "0021-8561",
    "1520-5118"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42915803",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "1312|Protein Hydrolysis and Bioactive Peptides"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7214278395",
  "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13651608?pdf=render",
  "pmcid": "PMC13651608",
  "pmid": "42915803",
  "published": "2026-10-01",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/117yfznsxz20d.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:20:36Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42915803",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42915803"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biochemistry",
      "origin": "openalex:1312|Protein Hydrolysis and Bioactive Peptides",
      "subfield": "molecular-biology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Immunomodulatory Effects of Galleria mellonella and Alphitobius diaperinus Protein Digestates Generated Using a Modified INFOGEST Protocol - In Vitro and In Silico Evidence.",
  "title_text": "Immunomodulatory Effects of Galleria mellonella and Alphitobius diaperinus Protein Digestates Generated Using a Modified INFOGEST Protocol - In Vitro and In Silico Evidence.",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:20:36Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/117yfznsxz20d",
  "venue": "Journal of agricultural and food chemistry",
  "versions": []
}