{
  "abstract": "Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is a deltaretrovirus that establishes lifelong infection in cattle and remains highly prevalent in dairy herds. This study evaluated associations between maternal BLV infection markers, daughter BoLA-DRB3 variation, and BLV outcomes in dairy youngstock. We studied 201 dam-daughter pairs from five dairy farms. BLV status was assessed using ELISA and quantitative PCR (qPCR); maternal qPCR results were available for 126 dams, and daughters were sampled longitudinally during the youngstock period. BoLA-DRB3 genotypes were determined in 199 daughters, and genotype-level epitope breadth was defined as the non-redundant union of predicted BLV Gag epitopes across both alleles. BLV proviral DNA was detected in 33 of 200 daughters (16.5%) in the qPCR outcome used for the main analysis. Among 38 daughters with BLV proviral DNA detected at least once, first detection occurred preweaning in 2, prebreeding in 24, and post-breeding in 12. Maternal ELISA positivity was associated with higher odds of daughter BLV proviral DNA detection (OR 2.74, 95% CI 1.10-6.83), whereas maternal PVL showed a positive but imprecise association (OR 1.94, 95% CI 0.89-4.22). Greater predicted epitope breadth was nominally associated with lower odds of BLV proviral DNA detection (OR 0.76, 95% CI 0.60-0.97; q = 0.162) and BLV seropositivity (OR 0.80, 95% CI 0.65-0.98; q = 0.162), but neither association remained significant after correction for multiple testing. BoLA-DRB3*014:01:01 carriers also had lower observed frequencies of BLV proviral DNA detection and BLV seropositivity. Overall, maternal infection markers were associated with later BLV outcomes in daughters, whereas the BoLA-DRB3 findings provide suggestive evidence of host immunogenetic heterogeneity.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.",
    "Department of Virology and Viral Animal Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, 24-100 Puławy, Poland.",
    "College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.",
    "Cornerstone Ag Management, LLC, Hastings, MI 49058, USA.",
    "CentralStar Cooperative Inc., Lansing, MI 48910, USA."
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 7,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Madison E Sokacz"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Aneta Pluta",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-6860-4474"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Bo Norby",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-6323-8735"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Paul Bartlett"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Kelly R B Sporer",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-8600-1431"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Casey Droscha"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Tasia M Taxis",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-4310-9570"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/11k8d96pvy8cb.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3390/ijms27198627",
  "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13664792",
  "id": "11k8d96pvy8cb",
  "issns": [
    "1422-0067"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42883876",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "2403|T-cell and Retrovirus Studies"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7214626084",
  "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13664792?pdf=render",
  "pmcid": "PMC13664792",
  "pmid": "42883876",
  "published": "2026-09-26",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/11k8d96pvy8cb.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:19:16Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42883876",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42883876"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biology",
      "origin": "openalex:2403|T-cell and Retrovirus Studies",
      "subfield": "immunology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Maternal BLV Infection Markers and BoLA-DRB3 Polymorphism Are Associated with BLV Infection Outcomes in Dairy Youngstock.",
  "title_text": "Maternal BLV Infection Markers and BoLA-DRB3 Polymorphism Are Associated with BLV Infection Outcomes in Dairy Youngstock.",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:19:16Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/11k8d96pvy8cb",
  "venue": "International journal of molecular sciences",
  "versions": []
}