{
  "abstract": "Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) remains one of the most extensively produced and utilized synthetic polymers globally, owing to its versatility and economic advantages. Despite its widespread application, raw PVC resin lacks essential performance characteristics such as flexibility, thermal stability, and chemical resilience, necessitating extensive modification to suit diverse industrial uses. This review provides a summary of PVC’s modification, properties, industrial and diverse applications. It also explores the primary modification strategies of PVC including the use of plasticizers, copolymerization, polymer blending, surface modifications, and nanocomposite enhancements. Each approach is discussed in terms of underlying mechanisms, material improvements, and associated health and environmental implications, particularly those linked to conventional plasticizers like di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP). The review further considers recent advances in PVC and the growing trend toward sustainable and bio-based alternatives. By integrating foundational principles with recent research insights, the work aims to offer a thorough understanding of the current landscape as well as future directions in PVC modification.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq",
    "Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Southern Delta University, Ozoro, Nigeria",
    "Advanced Technical College, University of Warith AlAnbiyaa, Karbala, Iraq",
    "Biology Education Centre, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden",
    "Department of Energy System Engineering, Cyprus International University, Nicosia, Turkey",
    "Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Science, Southern Delta University, Ozoro, Nigeria",
    "Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Near East University, Nicosia, Cyprus",
    "Department of Physics, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria",
    "Department of Physics, Michael and Cecilia Ibru University, Ughelli North, Nigeria",
    "Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Southern Delta University, Ozoro, Nigeria",
    "Department of Chemical and Petroleum Industries Engineering Techniques, Polytechnic College of Engineering Specializations - Baghdad, Middle Technical University, Baghdad, Iraq",
    "Al-Ayen Scientific Research Center, Al-Ayen Iraqi University, ThiQar, Iraq",
    "Irfan Suat Gunsel Operational Research Institute, Near East University, TRNC Mersin 10, Nicosia, Turkey"
  ],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 14,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Great Iruoghene Edo",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-2048-532X"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Ali B. M. Ali"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Ayomide Chike Ahamefula"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Maryam Rabiu Aliyu",
      "orcid": "0009-0005-7359-6620"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5
      ],
      "name": "Joseph Oghenewogaga Owheruo",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-1588-8175"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        6
      ],
      "name": "Agatha Ngukuran Jikah",
      "orcid": "0009-0006-8777-8203"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Ufuoma Augustina Igbuku",
      "orcid": "0009-0008-0805-9070"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Emad A. Yousif",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-1458-4724"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Ephraim Evi Alex Oghroro",
      "orcid": "0009-0008-1836-903X"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        7,
        8
      ],
      "name": "Ibiyinka Fuwape",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-7525-9293"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        9
      ],
      "name": "Arthur Efeoghene Athan Essaghah",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-7040-2900"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        10
      ],
      "name": "Dina S. Ahmed",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-2205-4061"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        11
      ],
      "name": "Ahmed A. Alamiery"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        12
      ],
      "name": "Huzaifa Umar"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/13rcphvtkk4jk.bib",
  "cited_by": 6,
  "doi": "10.1186/s40712-026-00468-z",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "13rcphvtkk4jk",
  "issns": [
    "3004-8958"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s40712-026-00468-z",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "journal",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "2507|Polymer Science and PVC"
    ]
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  "openalex": "W7161627454",
  "pdf_url": null,
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-05-19",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/13rcphvtkk4jk.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-04T13:21:19Z",
      "native_id": "W7161627454",
      "source": "openalex",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s40712-026-00468-z"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "chemistry",
      "origin": "openalex:2507|Polymer Science and PVC",
      "subfield": "materials-polymers"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Polyvinyl chloride (PVC): modification, properties, industrial and diverse applications",
  "title_text": "Polyvinyl chloride (PVC): modification, properties, industrial and diverse applications",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-06T13:20:44Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/13rcphvtkk4jk",
  "venue": "Journal of Materials Science Materials in Engineering",
  "versions": []
}