{
  "abstract": "Single-atom catalysts (SACs) offer tunable, recoverable heterogeneous alternatives to homogeneous metal complexes in handle-based cross-coupling reactions. However, their application to direct C-H bond functionalization remains unexplored beyond photochemical methods, as the elevated temperature and demanding reaction conditions place stringent requirements on catalyst stability. Here, we demonstrate a Pd single-atom-catalyzed C-H arylation of indoles, extending heterogeneous SACs to thermal C-H functionalization and achieving cumulative turnover numbers above 200 across five cycles. Among diverse oxygen- and nitrogen-coordinated SACs, nitrogen-coordinated sites in Pd@C3N4 uniquely combined metal retention with high activity after phosphine activation. Recycling studies coupled with in situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy reveal Pd-I bond formation as the dominant catalyst deactivation pathway. Guided by this insight, postreaction treatment in aqueous ammonia overcomes iodide poisoning, enabling catalytic activity over multiple cycles. These findings establish design principles for balancing activity, stability, and regenerability in Pd SACs for demanding C-H functionalizations, advancing their potential for greener, more step-efficient chemical synthesis.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Laboratory of Catalysis and Organic Synthesis, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Avenue F. A. Forel 2, Lausanne1015, Switzerland.",
    "NCCR Catalysis, Zürich8093, Switzerland.",
    "Institute of Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, Zürich8093, Switzerland.",
    "Scherrer Institute , Forschungsstrasse 111, Villigen5232, Switzerland.",
    "Scientific Center for Optical and Electron Microscopy, ETH Zürich, Otto-Stern-Weg 3, Zürich8093, Switzerland.",
    "Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, Zürich8093, Switzerland."
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 7,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Valentas Olikauskas"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Marc-Eduard Usteri"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Aram Bugaev"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4,
        5
      ],
      "name": "Milivoj Plodinec"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Sharon Mitchell"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Jerome Waser",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-4570-914X"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Javier Pérez-Ramírez",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-5805-7355"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/14hp0sdyqd8s9.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1021/jacs.6c11697",
  "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13721157",
  "id": "14hp0sdyqd8s9",
  "issns": [
    "0002-7863",
    "1520-5126"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42954571",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "Article"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "1605|Catalytic C–H Functionalization Methods"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7222684650",
  "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13721157?pdf=render",
  "pmcid": "PMC13721157",
  "pmid": "42954571",
  "published": "2026-10-01",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/14hp0sdyqd8s9.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-01T00:20:44Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42954571",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42954571"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-03T12:21:54Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13721157",
      "source": "pmc",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.6c11697"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "chemistry",
      "origin": "openalex:1605|Catalytic C–H Functionalization Methods",
      "subfield": "organic"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Regenerable Heterogeneous Palladium Single-Atom Catalysts for Direct C-H Arylation.",
  "title_text": "Regenerable Heterogeneous Palladium Single-Atom Catalysts for Direct C-H Arylation.",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-03T12:21:54Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/14hp0sdyqd8s9",
  "venue": "Journal of the American Chemical Society",
  "versions": []
}