{
  "abstract": "Charge order is conventionally characterized by a static modulation of the electronic density, while its collective excitations remain less developed from a quasiparticle perspective than those of spin-ordered systems. Here, we formulate the collective excititations of charge order within an effective charge-pseudospin model, in which the charge-ordered ground state is represented by staggered pseudospin order. Quantizing fluctuations around this ordered state via a Holstein--Primakoff transformation, we reveal two branches of bosonic quasiparticles with degenerate, gapped dispersions that carry opposite quantized electric charges $\\pm 2e$. We therefore term these charge-$2e$ bosons ``\\textit{bichargons},'' closely paralleling the two magnon branches of a bipartite antiferromagnet that carry opposite spin angular momenta. We show that a temperature gradient drives the diffusion of thermally excited bichargons, generating a charge Seebeck response when the degeneracy between the oppositely charged branches is lifted by tuning the chemical potential away from the charge-neutrality point. In contrast, despite carrying finite electric charges, a thermal bichargon gas remains electrically insulating under a static electric field because bichargon quasiparticle number is not conserved. An ac electric field, however, can parametrically generate coherent pairs of oppositely charged bichargons that support a finite dc drift current in the presence of a bias electric field, offering a bosonic analogue of photoconductivity mediated by photoexcited electron--hole pairs in semiconductors. Our results establish bichargons as a new class of collective bosonic charge carriers in charge-ordered systems and extend the quasiparticle paradigm of magnons in spin-ordered systems to the charge sector, with electric charge replacing spin angular momentum as the transported quantity.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": "2609.20472",
  "author_total": 1,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "Ping Tang"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/15jpxdj3zvjxa.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.48550/arxiv.2609.20472",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "15jpxdj3zvjxa",
  "issns": [],
  "landing_url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.20472",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "LicenseRef-arXiv-nonexclusive-1.0",
  "licence_label": "arXiv licence",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/",
  "metadata_licence": "CC0-1.0",
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "arxiv",
      "cond-mat.str-el"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "3104|Physics of Superconductivity and Magnetism"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7213587086",
  "pdf_url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/2609.20472",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-09-17",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/15jpxdj3zvjxa.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:22:19Z",
      "native_id": "2609.20472",
      "source": "arxiv",
      "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.20472"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "physics",
      "origin": "arxiv:cond-mat.str-el",
      "subfield": "condensed-matter"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Collective Charge-\\(2e\\) Bosonic Excitations in Charge-Ordered Systems",
  "title_text": "Collective Charge-2e Bosonic Excitations in Charge-Ordered Systems",
  "type": "preprint",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:22:19Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/15jpxdj3zvjxa",
  "venue": "arXiv",
  "versions": []
}