{
  "abstract": "Introduction: Current global data on epidemiology, treatment patterns, outcomes, and care pathways for patients with gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN) are needed.\n\nMethods: A systematic review included publications from Embase and Medline (interventional: 2005–2025; observational: 2021–2025) and conference abstracts (2022–2024). Benign gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD) studies, case reports, and case series were excluded. Treatment response rates and 95% CIs were calculated from aggregated data.\n\nResults: Of 117 included studies, 66.7% (n=78) were cohort studies; 54.7% (n=64) were conducted in Asia. GTN incidence from GTD varied from 6.2% in the UK to 16.8% across Asian studies. Methotrexate and dactinomycin were the most common real-world first-line treatments in low-risk GTN. Second-line and high-risk patients’ treatment included diverse multiagent regimens and immunotherapy. Across trials, first-line treatment response with dactinomycin (82.9%) was higher than methotrexate (70.5%); in observational studies, response was similar and inversely associated with GTN risk score. Nausea and other gastrointestinal events were more common with dactinomycin than methotrexate.\n\nDiscussion: Incidence of GTN varied by region and setting. Consensus supports methotrexate or dactinomycin as first-line therapy in low-risk GTN. Treatment options were more diverse in high-risk GTN and later-line regimens. Unmet needs to improve response rates and minimize toxicity persist.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Merck Healthcare KGaA",
    "EMD Serono Research & Development Institute, Inc. , , , , an affiliate of Merck KGaA",
    "GIPAM GmbH"
  ],
  "article_type": "systematic review",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 4,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Mairead Kearney"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Jason Hoffman"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Laura Cilek"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Jason Simeone"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/166ssxtmy4xdg.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3389/fonc.2026.1923113",
  "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13713317",
  "id": "166ssxtmy4xdg",
  "issns": [
    "2234-943X"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fonc.2026.1923113/full",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "Systematic Review"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2739|Gestational Trophoblastic Disease Studies"
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  "openalex": "W7221821881",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/oncology/articles/10.3389/fonc.2026.1923113/pdf",
  "pmcid": "PMC13713317",
  "pmid": "42952598",
  "published": "2026-10-14",
  "publisher": "Frontiers Media SA",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/166ssxtmy4xdg.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:20:13Z",
      "native_id": "10.3389/fonc.2026.1923113",
      "source": "crossref",
      "url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fonc.2026.1923113/full"
    },
    {
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    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-31T12:23:53Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13713317",
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      "url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2026.1923113"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2739|Gestational Trophoblastic Disease Studies",
      "subfield": "epidemiology-public-health"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Epidemiology, treatment patterns, and outcomes in gestational trophoblastic neoplasia: a systematic review",
  "title_text": "Epidemiology, treatment patterns, and outcomes in gestational trophoblastic neoplasia: a systematic review",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-01T12:21:00Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/166ssxtmy4xdg",
  "venue": "Frontiers in Oncology",
  "versions": []
}