{
  "abstract": "Developing silicon anodes with high energy and rate capability for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) is limited by severe volume expansion and sluggish kinetics. Herein, we demonstrate a low-temperature molten-salt aluminothermic reduction (MS-ATR) process using Al-AlCl₃ system to synthesize porous silicon (pSi) particles from a high-silica zeolite precursor below 300 °C. Reduction kinetics modeled via the Ginstling-Brounstein (GB) 3D diffusion model demonstrate that a dynamic rotary reactor configuration (MS-ATR-d) significantly enhances mass transfer and reduction rates compared to a static setup (MS-ATR-s). At 270 °C, MS-ATR-d achieves a 1.7-fold higher rate constant than MS-ATR-s, resulting in substantially increased pSi yield. The apparent activation energy for MS-ATR-d is estimated at 86.0 kJ mol⁻¹, notably lower than that for magnesiothermic reductions. The resulting pSi replicates the precursor morphology, featuring primary silicon nanoparticles (30-50 nm) and a distinct mesoporous network. After carbon coating, the core-shell pSi/C composite anode demonstrates an initial charge capacity of 1320 mAh g⁻¹ at 50 mA g⁻¹, a superior initial coulombic efficiency of 84.6%, and excellent long-term cycling stability, vastly outperforming commercial solid silicon nanoparticle/carbon (SiNP/C) control. These results establish MS-ATR-d process as an efficient, kinetically enhanced pathway to high-performance silicon anodes.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Chemical Engineering (BK21 FOUR Graduate Program), Dong-A University Busan 49315 Republic of Korea jklee88@dau.ac.kr +82-51-200-7728 +82-51-200-7718."
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 4,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Hyeonbin Kim"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Eunjeong Hong"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Seung Hyeok Chu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Jung Kyoo Lee",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-1673-7587"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/173dbbe9n4yqx.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1039/d6ra07184h",
  "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13682591",
  "id": "173dbbe9n4yqx",
  "issns": [
    "2046-2069"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42904245",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY-NC",
  "licence_label": "CC BY-NC",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "Chemistry"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2208|Advancements in Battery Materials"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7223010032",
  "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13682591?pdf=render",
  "pmcid": "PMC13682591",
  "pmid": "42904245",
  "published": "2026-10-20",
  "publisher": "Royal Society of Chemistry",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/173dbbe9n4yqx.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:19:53Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42904245",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42904245"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-07T12:23:36Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13682591",
      "source": "pmc",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1039/d6ra07184h"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "chemistry",
      "origin": "heading:Chemistry",
      "subfield": "general"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Kinetically accelerated molten-salt synthesis of porous silicon/carbon core-shell anodes for lithium batteries.",
  "title_text": "Kinetically accelerated molten-salt synthesis of porous silicon/carbon core-shell anodes for lithium batteries.",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-08T12:21:05Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/173dbbe9n4yqx",
  "venue": "RSC advances",
  "versions": []
}