{
  "abstract": "This study investigates the degradation and mineralization of sulfamethazine (SMT) by an electrochemically assisted Fe3+/persulfate (electro/Fe3+/PDS) process. Experiments were conducted in a single-compartment electrochemical cell equipped with a carbon felt anode and a stainless steel cathode under constant current conditions. Compared with PDS alone and Fe3+/PDS, the combined electro/Fe3+/PDS system exhibited a strong synergistic effect, achieving up to 89.4% SMT removal within 90 min at a current intensity of 1.6 A. The enhanced performance was attributed to electrochemical Fe2+ regeneration enabling continuous activation of persulfate and generation of sulfate radicals (SO4 center dot-). Operational parameters significantly influenced process efficiency. Increasing current intensity accelerated SMT degradation but reduced mineralization efficiency due to parasitic reactions. Under optimized conditions (I = 3 A and [Fe3+] = 1 mM), SMT degradation reached 96.83% after 60 min, while the mineralization yield attained 72.05%. Excess iron promoted radical scavenging. Similarly, a PDS concentration of 5 mM was sufficient, with higher dosages leading to self-scavenging effects. Kinetic analysis followed a pseudo first order model, with apparent rate constants decreasing at higher SMT concentrations due to radical competition. Biodegradability assays revealed a substantial increase in the BOD5/COD ratio from initially low values to 0.34 after 300 min of pretreatment, indicating improved suitability for biological post-treatment. Overall, the electro/Fe3+/PDS process represents an efficient pre-oxidation strategy for the removal of refractory antibiotics from aqueous media.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 7,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "Amina Ledjeri"
    },
    {
      "name": "Katia Madi"
    },
    {
      "name": "Idris Yahiaoui"
    },
    {
      "name": "Amine Aymen Assadi"
    },
    {
      "name": "Mohammod Hafizur Rahman"
    },
    {
      "name": "Abdeltif Amrane"
    },
    {
      "name": "Farida Aissani-Benissad"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/17tgt4xtpfxep.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3390/catal16060553",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "17tgt4xtpfxep",
  "issns": [
    "2073-4344"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://hal.science/hal-05683599v1",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "hal",
      "0.chim"
    ],
    [
      "hal",
      "1.chim.cata"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2312|Advanced oxidation water treatment"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7164813654",
  "pdf_url": "https://hal.science/hal-05683599/document",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-16",
  "publisher": "MDPI",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/17tgt4xtpfxep.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:17:58Z",
      "native_id": "hal-05683599",
      "source": "hal",
      "url": "https://hal.science/hal-05683599v1"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "chemistry",
      "origin": "hal:1.chim.cata",
      "subfield": "catalysis"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Integrated Electro/Fe3+/Peroxydisulfate Treatment for Sulfamethazine Degradation and Biodegradability Enhancement",
  "title_text": "Integrated Electro/Fe3+/Peroxydisulfate Treatment for Sulfamethazine Degradation and Biodegradability Enhancement",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:17:58Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/17tgt4xtpfxep",
  "venue": "Catalysts",
  "versions": []
}