{
  "abstract": "Objectives: Mismatch repair (MMR) proteins are important in determining therapeutic strategy in endometrial cancer (EC). We investigated the role of microstructural parameters derived from time-dependent diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (td-dMRI) in differentiating MMR status of EC.\n\nMaterials and methods: This prospective single-center study enrolled patients with suspected EC who underwent preoperative td-dMRI. Tumors were classified as MMR-deficient (dMMR) and MMR-proficient (pMMR) by immunohistochemistry. The microstructural parameters, including intracellular volume fraction (\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$${v}_{{in}}$$\\end{document}vin), cell diameter (dd), cellularity (\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$${{\\rm{\\rho }}}$$\\end{document}ρ), extracellular diffusivity (\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$${D}_{{ex}}$$\\end{document}Dex), and water exchange rate constant (\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$${k}_{{in}}$$\\end{document}kin), were derived by fitting td-dMRI data with three methods (IMPULSED, JOINT, and EXCHANGE), together with the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC). Differences in these microstructural parameters between dMMR and pMMR EC were compared. The diagnostic performances were evaluated by the areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC).\n\nResults: Eighty-two patients (17 dMMR, 61.8 ± 10.1 years and 65 pMMR, 58.6 ± 11.8 years) were recruited. dMMR EC exhibited higher \\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$${v}_{{in}}$$\\end{document}vin, \\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$${{\\rm{\\rho }}}$$\\end{document}ρ and lower \\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$${D}_{{ex}}$$\\end{document}Dex, ADC values than pMMR EC (p ≤ 0.003). IMPULSED and JOINT demonstrated higher AUCs than conventional ADC (p = 0.025 and 0.046, respectively). The combined selected microstructural parameters (\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$${v}_{{\\mathrm{in}}}$$\\end{document}vin and \\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$${D}_{{ex}}$$\\end{document}Dex) derived from JOINT achieved an AUC of 0.903; JOINT demonstrated superior parametric stability and marginally better calibration than IMPULSED.\n\nConclusion: In this exploratory study, td-dMRI discriminated between dMMR and pMMR ECs, providing information on the intricate microscopic organizational structures in tumors. The microstructural parameters may serve as a promising method to improve the diagnostic efficacy of diffusion-weighted MRI in differentiating MMR status of EC.\n\nKey Points: Question There remains an unmet need for noninvasive, preoperative tools to assess DNA MMR status in EC.\n\nFindings td-dMRI showed significant differences in microstructural parameters between dMMR and pMMR tumors.\n\nRelevance statement td-dMRI shows potential as a noninvasive imaging approach for preoperative assessment of MMR status in EC and may support individualized treatment planning.\n\nGraphical Abstract:",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Diagnostic Radiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China",
    "Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China",
    "Department of Pathology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China",
    "Center for Biomedical Imaging Research, School of Biomedical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China",
    "Department of Radiology, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China",
    "MR Research and Clinical Translation, Siemens Healthineers AG, Erlangen, Germany",
    "MR Research Collaboration, Siemens Healthineers, Hong Kong, China"
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 11,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Jiarui Zhang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Diwei Shi"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Jing Xi Joshua Li"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Cheuk Nam Hwang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Fan Liu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Zongshu Wang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Grace Ho"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5
      ],
      "name": "Thorsten Feiweier"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        6
      ],
      "name": "Juan Wei"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Hua Guo"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Elaine YP Lee",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-0627-5297"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/17x72zrvpm3fj.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1186/s41747-026-00830-y",
  "fulltext_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13731628/",
  "id": "17x72zrvpm3fj",
  "issns": [
    "2509-9280"
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  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s41747-026-00830-y",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "Original Article"
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      "2741|MRI in cancer diagnosis"
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  "openalex": "W7225149487",
  "pdf_url": "https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s41747-026-00830-y.pdf",
  "pmcid": "PMC13731628",
  "pmid": "42975785",
  "published": "2026-11-03",
  "publisher": "Springer",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/17x72zrvpm3fj.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-08T12:21:47Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13731628",
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      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s41747-026-00830-y"
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  "subjects": [
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      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2741|MRI in cancer diagnosis",
      "subfield": "imaging"
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  ],
  "title": "Time-dependent diffusion MRI in determining mismatch repair status of endometrial cancer",
  "title_text": "Time-dependent diffusion MRI in determining mismatch repair status of endometrial cancer",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-08T12:21:47Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/17x72zrvpm3fj",
  "venue": "European Radiology Experimental",
  "versions": []
}