{
  "abstract": "Introduction\n\nAgainst the backdrop of increasingly frequent extreme heat events, mitigating land-surface heat exposure on urban streets is crucial for safeguarding public health. Existing studies have often overlooked the spatially differentiated effects of complex street environments on land-surface heat exposure and the associated cooling thresholds. Therefore, this study takes Luolong District, Luoyang, as a case study to investigate the spatially heterogeneous effects and nonlinear threshold characteristics of street-view metrics on land-surface heat exposure.Methods\n\nThis study integrates Baidu Street View imagery with multi-source spatial data and employs Multiscale Geographically Weighted Regression (MGWR) and the XGBoost-SHAP model to systematically investigate the spatially heterogeneous effects and nonlinear threshold characteristics of micro-scale street-view metrics on land-surface heat exposure, and proposes differentiated optimization strategies accordingly.Results\n\nFirst, the effects of street morphology on land-surface heat exposure exhibit significant spatial multi-scale differentiation. Road proportion (RDP) and sidewalk proportion (SWP) operate predominantly at the micro scale, whereas the Green View Index (GVI) and Building Coverage Ratio (BCR) exhibit predominantly meso-scale effects; in contrast, the Sky View Factor (SVF) and Enclosure (ENC) demonstrate predominantly macro-scale effects. Second, nonlinear \"threshold effects\" and saturation points are generally observed between individual street-view metrics and land-surface heat exposure. For example, the cooling benefits of GVI are subject to an upper limit, whereas excessively high SVF values exhibit a strong positive association with increased land-surface heat exposure. Third, the risk classification and targeted renewal strategies developed based on a \"current condition-sensitivity matrix\" can effectively mitigate localized land-surface heat exposure across streets with different functional characteristics.Discussion\n\nThis study provides scientific decision-making support for the fine-grained renewal of high-density urban living environments and climate-adaptive urban governance.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China."
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 4,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Junhui Hu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Xinyao Zhang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Danfeng Liu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Luyao Chen"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/18kb1dwzapq40.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3389/fpubh.2026.1960954",
  "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13683790",
  "id": "18kb1dwzapq40",
  "issns": [
    "2296-2565"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42909079",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "2305|Urban Heat Island Mitigation"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7220831554",
  "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13683790?pdf=render",
  "pmcid": "PMC13683790",
  "pmid": "42909079",
  "published": "2026-10-07",
  "publisher": "Frontiers Media SA",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/18kb1dwzapq40.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:20:10Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42909079",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42909079"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:20:22Z",
      "native_id": "10.3389/fpubh.2026.1960954",
      "source": "crossref",
      "url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2026.1960954/full"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "earth",
      "origin": "openalex:2305|Urban Heat Island Mitigation",
      "subfield": "environmental-science"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Spatial differentiation and potential influencing factors of land-surface heat exposure based on street-view imagery: a case study of Luolong District, Luoyang.",
  "title_text": "Spatial differentiation and potential influencing factors of land-surface heat exposure based on street-view imagery: a case study of Luolong District, Luoyang.",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:20:22Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/18kb1dwzapq40",
  "venue": "Frontiers in public health",
  "versions": []
}