{
  "abstract": "Immune checkpoint blockade has reshaped cancer therapy, but durable responses remain limited by insufficient antigen release, poor T-cell infiltration, immunosuppressive tumor microenvironments, and systemic immune-related toxicity. Ultrasound-responsive nanoplatforms provide a spatiotemporally controllable strategy to overcome these barriers by exploiting deep tissue penetration, focal activation, and repeatable external triggering. In this review, we summarize recent experimental advances in sonosensitizer-based and ultrasound-triggered nanoplatforms for cancer immunotherapy. These systems integrate sonodynamic immunogenic cell death, pyroptosis, ferroptosis, necroptosis, cGAS-STING activation, immune checkpoint blockade, mRNA delivery, gas therapy, and tumor microenvironment remodeling to convert immune-cold tumors into immune-responsive lesions. We further discuss cancer type-specific applications in hepatocellular carcinoma, pancreatic cancer, glioblastoma, triple-negative breast cancer, colorectal cancer, bladder cancer, and other solid tumors, emphasizing how ultrasound-responsive designs can be matched to distinct anatomical and immunological barriers. Finally, we highlight key translational challenges, including long-term biosafety, controllable immune activation, ultrasound parameter standardization, scalable manufacturing, and clinically compatible combination strategies. Ultrasound-responsive nanoplatforms are emerging not merely as drug carriers, but as programmable immune-engineering systems capable of coordinating when, where, and how antitumor immunity is activated within the tumor microenvironment.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen Medical College",
    "Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen Medical College",
    "Department of Internal Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen Medical College",
    "Department of Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen Medical College"
  ],
  "article_type": "review article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 7,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Qiulan Zhang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Tao Wei"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Zhenhao Lan"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Guojin Lin"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Meihong Xu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Xiaoyan Li"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Yanni Bao"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/1bbr9snqjqw8x.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3389/fimmu.2026.1988247",
  "fulltext_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13725196/?tool=EBI",
  "id": "1bbr9snqjqw8x",
  "issns": [
    "1664-3224"
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  "landing_url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1988247/full",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "Review"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2204|Nanoplatforms for cancer theranostics"
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  ],
  "openalex": "W7222987197",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/immunology/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1988247/pdf",
  "pmcid": "PMC13725196",
  "pmid": "42973806",
  "published": "2026-10-19",
  "publisher": "Frontiers Media SA",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/1bbr9snqjqw8x.ris",
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    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:19:17Z",
      "native_id": "10.3389/fimmu.2026.1988247",
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      "url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1988247/full"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-03T15:20:51Z",
      "native_id": "PMC:PMC13725196",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13725196"
    },
    {
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      "native_id": "PMC13725196",
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      "url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1988247"
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    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-04T15:20:48Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42973806",
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      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42973806"
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  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biology",
      "origin": "issn:1664-3224",
      "subfield": "immunology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Ultrasound-responsive nanoplatforms for cancer immunotherapy: engineering spatiotemporal immune activation in the tumor microenvironment",
  "title_text": "Ultrasound-responsive nanoplatforms for cancer immunotherapy: engineering spatiotemporal immune activation in the tumor microenvironment",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-06T12:21:31Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/1bbr9snqjqw8x",
  "venue": "Frontiers in Immunology",
  "versions": []
}