{
  "abstract": "MXenes are finding applications across fields from batteries to sensors. So far, their hightemperature transformation from 2D transition metal carbides into 3D MX carbides remain underexplored and underexploited. Herein, we develop the idea of using MXene films as precursors for refractory MX ceramic diffusion bonding interlayers. As a proof-of-concept, Ti₃C₂Tz thin films were deposited on sapphire, and a bonded \"sandwich\" structure was formed by applying high temperature (1400°C) at moderate pressure (18 MPa). Structural and compositional analyses of the interface revealed that the Ti₃C₂Tz transformed into cubic TiCxTy (with ~13 at% O), and all halide surface terminations were removed. Moreover, a small fraction of Li (~0.2 at%) was detected within the TiCxTy, stabilized by the presence of O in the oxycarbide lattice. This methodology offers a framework for studying the MXene→MX transformation under controlled conditions and designing diffusion bonding interlayers suitable for joining ceramic materials for extreme environment applications.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 12,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "Barak Ratzker"
    },
    {
      "name": "Bar Favelukis"
    },
    {
      "name": "Mathias Krämer"
    },
    {
      "name": "Christoph Freysoldt"
    },
    {
      "name": "Yiftach Kushnir"
    },
    {
      "name": "Asaf Nitsan"
    },
    {
      "name": "Alexander Upcher"
    },
    {
      "name": "Nitzan Maman"
    },
    {
      "name": "Or Messer"
    },
    {
      "name": "Dierk Raabe"
    },
    {
      "name": "Baptiste Gault"
    },
    {
      "name": "Maxim Sokol"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/1bksja7xwp4xp.bib",
  "cited_by": 1,
  "doi": "10.1021/acs.nanolett.6c00187",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "1bksja7xwp4xp",
  "issns": [
    "1530-6984",
    "1530-6992"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://hal.science/hal-05762010v1",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "hal",
      "0.chim"
    ],
    [
      "hal",
      "1.chim.mate"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2505|MXene and MAX Phase Materials"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7154076042",
  "pdf_url": "https://hal.science/hal-05762010/document",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-09-24",
  "publisher": "American Chemical Society",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/1bksja7xwp4xp.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:17:40Z",
      "native_id": "hal-05762010",
      "source": "hal",
      "url": "https://hal.science/hal-05762010v1"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "chemistry",
      "origin": "hal:1.chim.mate",
      "subfield": "materials-polymers"
    }
  ],
  "title": "From 2D MXenes to 3D Carbides: Transformation of Ti₃C₂Tz Thin Films into TiCx Carbide Nanolayers",
  "title_text": "From 2D MXenes to 3D Carbides: Transformation of Ti₃C₂Tz Thin Films into TiCx Carbide Nanolayers",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:17:40Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/1bksja7xwp4xp",
  "venue": "Nano Letters",
  "versions": []
}