{
  "abstract": "Tribocatalysis is an emerging approach for the oxidation of organic pollutants using frictional energy. ZnO nanorods were prepared by thermal decomposition of zinc acetate dihydrate and wet-chemically modified with Gd2O3, Dy2O3, or Er2O3. SEM, nitrogen sorption, XRD, ATR-FTIR, Raman spectroscopy, and XPS confirmed the formation of predominantly rod-like ZnO, preservation of its morphology and wurtzite structure after modification, and introduction of nanocrystalline RE2O3 phases. Tribocatalytic activity was evaluated under mechanical stirring using the anionic dye Reactive Black 5 (RB5) and the cationic dye Brilliant Green (BG), examining the effects of RE modification, stirring rate, friction pair, scavengers, and catalyst reuse. Removal increased with stirring rate and was consistently higher for RB5. At 800 rpm, Er:ZnO exhibited the highest activity toward both dyes, reaching approximately 81% RB5 removal (kapp ≈ 0.074 h−1) and 56% BG removal (kapp ≈ 0.040 h−1) after 24 h. COD removal reached 53–60% for RB5 and 27–43% for BG, indicating a reduction in the oxidizable organic load consistent with partial mineralization. ATR-FTIR revealed carbonate formation and PTFE transfer to recovered catalysts, highlighting surface changes and secondary contamination. The results demonstrate measurable tribocatalytic activity and show that the benefits of RE modification depend on the target dye.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Electronic Engineering and Technology, Technical University of Sofia, 1756 Sofia, Bulgaria",
    "Department of Energy and Mechanical Engineering, Technical College—Sofia, Technical University of Sofia, 1756 Sofia, Bulgaria",
    "Department of Applied Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sofia, 1 James Bourchier Blvd., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria",
    "Institute of Catalysis, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, “Acad. G. Bonchev” Str., Bl. 11, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria"
  ],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 6,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Bozhidar I. Stefanov",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-1017-7067"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Lyudmila Krasteva",
      "orcid": "0009-0007-1758-0303"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Stanislava Todorova"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Iliyana Yordanova"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Simona Delibaltova",
      "orcid": "0009-0001-3776-7411"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Hristo Kolev",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-4231-9306"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/1ccx5v6zdfa5p.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3390/nano16211352",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "1ccx5v6zdfa5p",
  "issns": [
    "2079-4991"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/16/21/1352",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "2312|Advanced oxidation water treatment"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7223575302",
  "pdf_url": null,
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-24",
  "publisher": "MDPI AG",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/1ccx5v6zdfa5p.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:18:45Z",
      "native_id": "10.3390/nano16211352",
      "source": "crossref",
      "url": "https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/16/21/1352"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "earth",
      "origin": "openalex:2312|Advanced oxidation water treatment",
      "subfield": "hydrology-soils"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Tribocatalytic Removal of Anionic and Cationic Dyes Using Pristine and Gd-, Dy-, and Er-Modified ZnO Nanorods",
  "title_text": "Tribocatalytic Removal of Anionic and Cationic Dyes Using Pristine and Gd-, Dy-, and Er-Modified ZnO Nanorods",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:18:45Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/1ccx5v6zdfa5p",
  "venue": "Nanomaterials",
  "versions": []
}