{
  "abstract": "Background\n\nViral pneumonia is a leading cause of death in young children worldwide. Oxidant/antioxidant imbalance has been reported in various infectious diseases. This study aimed to evaluate oxidative stress and antioxidant defense markers - specifically malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) - in children hospitalized with pneumonia compared to healthy controls.Methods\n\nThis case-control study included 53 children aged 2 to 10 years: 27 children with pneumonia and 26 healthy controls. Plasma MDA, SOD, and TAC levels were measured using ELISA kits (Kiazist Company, Iran). Blood samples were collected at the time of hospitalization. A researcher-designed checklist recorded demographic information (age, sex, weight, and BMI). Data were analyzed using SPSS version 14 software. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.Results\n\nMDA and SOD levels in the pneumonia group (2.49 ± 0.52 µmol/L and 3.47 ± 0.69 U/mL, respectively) were significantly higher than those in the control group (1.63 ± 0.34 µmol/L and 1.33 ± 0.20 U/mL, respectively) (p < 0.001). Conversely, TAC levels in the pneumonia group (0.88 ± 0.18 mmol/L) were significantly lower than those in the control group (1.69 ± 0.21 mmol/L) (p < 0.001).Conclusion\n\nPneumonia in children is associated with increased oxidative stress and decreased systemic antioxidant capacity. These findings suggest that redox imbalance may play a role in the pathophysiology of the disease; however, causal relationships and therapeutic implications remain to be confirmed, as interventional and longitudinal studies are lacking. Antioxidant modulation may warrant further investigation as an adjunctive therapy.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Infectious disease Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Avicenna Institute of Clinical Sciences, Ekbatan Hospital, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.",
    "Research Center for Health Sciences, Institute of Health Sciences and Technology, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.",
    "Center of Excellence for Occupational Health, Occupational Health and Safety Research Center, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.",
    "Behavioral Disorders and Substance Abuse Research Center, Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran. freshteh_mehri@yahoo.com."
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 5,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Zohreh Shalchi",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-2140-3162"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Aref Kamyab Anvari"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Roya Najafi Vosough",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-2871-5748"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Homa Naderifar",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-6693-0513"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Fereshteh Mehri",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-0106-245X"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/1ct5tzhhc0mbt.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1186/s12879-026-14078-9",
  "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13726056",
  "id": "1ct5tzhhc0mbt",
  "issns": [
    "1471-2334"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42968095",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY-NC-ND",
  "licence_label": "CC BY-NC-ND",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "Research"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2704|Antioxidant Activity and Oxidative Stress"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7172395631",
  "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13726056?pdf=render",
  "pmcid": "PMC13726056",
  "pmid": "42968095",
  "published": "2026-08-04",
  "publisher": "BMC",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/1ct5tzhhc0mbt.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-03T15:20:54Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42968095",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42968095"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-05T12:22:28Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13726056",
      "source": "pmc",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-026-14078-9"
    }
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  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2704|Antioxidant Activity and Oxidative Stress",
      "subfield": "general"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Evaluation of oxidative stress level: total antioxidant capacity, malondialdehyde and superoxide dismutase activity in children with pneumonia compared to healthy children.",
  "title_text": "Evaluation of oxidative stress level: total antioxidant capacity, malondialdehyde and superoxide dismutase activity in children with pneumonia compared to healthy children.",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-06T12:22:06Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/1ct5tzhhc0mbt",
  "venue": "BMC infectious diseases",
  "versions": []
}