{
  "abstract": "Oxidative stress response (OSR) is suggested as a therapeutic target in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). However, the cell type specificity and spatial distribution of OSR genes and proteins remain poorly defined. We re-analyzed public datasets, demostrating high OSR gene expression in TNBC tumor cells. We generated a multiplex immunofluorescence dataset of 345 TNBC samples that showed OSR proteins GCLC and NQO1 are differentially expressed across tumor, immune, and stromal cells, and elevated in inflamed regions. We identified a mesenchymal-like tumor cell state characterized by co-expression of GCLC and vimentin (GCLC⁺VIM⁺), with increased proliferation and reduced anastasis-associated signatures, suggesting a vulnerability to chemotherapy. Consistently, TNBC cell lines with higher GCLC expression showed increased sensitivity to cisplatin. Moreover, patients with higher proportions of GCLC⁺VIM⁺ tumor cells had longer overall survival. Our findings indicate that OSR proteins are expressed in spatially and phenotypically distinct tumor microenvironments, and that the GCLC⁺VIM⁺ tumor cell state is associated with favorable outcomes in TNBC.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 17,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "Nomeda Girnius",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-7267-5950"
    },
    {
      "name": "Tuulia Vallius",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-3006-4887"
    },
    {
      "name": "Wenqing Chen",
      "orcid": "0009-0003-4296-0659"
    },
    {
      "name": "Inga-Maria Launonen",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-4548-9650"
    },
    {
      "name": "Sara Palomino-Echeverria",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-0451-3749"
    },
    {
      "name": "Jia-Ren Lin",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-4702-7705"
    },
    {
      "name": "Caitlin E. Mills",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-2608-4084"
    },
    {
      "name": "Silja Kauppila",
      "orcid": "0009-0009-4772-6494"
    },
    {
      "name": "Pauliina Kronqvist",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-8922-0648"
    },
    {
      "name": "Antti Ellonen",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-5902-6182"
    },
    {
      "name": "Merja Perala",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-5035-1699"
    },
    {
      "name": "Eloise Withnell"
    },
    {
      "name": "Yu-An Chen",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-7228-4696"
    },
    {
      "name": "Maria Secrier",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-2758-1741"
    },
    {
      "name": "Sandro Santagata",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-7528-9668"
    },
    {
      "name": "Peter K. Sorger",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-3364-1838"
    },
    {
      "name": "Anniina Färkkilä",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-3558-6617"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/1d9pb8wk95xf3.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1038/s42003-026-11175-y",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "1d9pb8wk95xf3",
  "issns": [
    "2399-3642"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s42003-026-11175-y",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "1306|Breast Cancer Treatment Studies"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7223362702",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s42003-026-11175-y_reference.pdf",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-23",
  "publisher": "Springer Science and Business Media LLC",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/1d9pb8wk95xf3.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:17:50Z",
      "native_id": "10.1038/s42003-026-11175-y",
      "source": "crossref",
      "url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s42003-026-11175-y"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:1306|Breast Cancer Treatment Studies",
      "subfield": "oncology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Single-cell and spatial mapping reveals GCLC+ mesenchymal tumor cells linked with favorable outcomes in TNBC",
  "title_text": "Single-cell and spatial mapping reveals GCLC+ mesenchymal tumor cells linked with favorable outcomes in TNBC",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:17:50Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/1d9pb8wk95xf3",
  "venue": "Communications Biology",
  "versions": []
}