{
  "abstract": "Lymph nodes are central sites for the priming of antitumor adaptive immunity. However, free antigens, adjuvants, cytokines, and nucleic acid-based immunomodulators rarely accumulate within them at concentrations that are sufficient for engaging dendritic and T cell-rich regions with precision. Tumor-draining lymph nodes are also frequently remodelHed into immunosuppressive niches, which further limits immunotherapy efficacy. Biomaterials can be programmed to intervene in lymph-node delivery and immune regulation through the rational design of their particle size, surface charge, surface chemistry, ligand modification, and stimuli-responsive release. This review summarizes recent progress in biomaterial-mediated lymph-node engineering for cancer immunotherapy. We highlight two delivery routes, namely passive drainage and active targeting, and discuss how biomaterials achieve the spatiotemporal coordination of dendritic-cell activation, major histocompatibility complex class I cross-presentation, and T cell priming within lymph nodes. We further examine strategies for constructing artificial lymphoid tissues, including 3D-printed scaffolds and the induction of tertiary lymphoid structures, and discuss the opportunities and challenges of clinical translation. These advances offer new engineering perspectives for developing lymph node-targeted delivery systems toward clinical use.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Thoracic Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130033, People's Republic of China.",
    "Department of Gastrointestinal and Colorectal Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China.",
    "China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130033, People's Republic of China.",
    "Department of Pharmacy, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130033, People's Republic of China."
  ],
  "article_type": "review article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 7,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Qi Wei"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Hongyu Chu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Xinhao Zhou"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Zijing Liu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Haiyue Sun",
      "orcid": "0009-0004-3703-5458"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Yueyao Jiang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Fujian Ji",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-5299-1588"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/1ejfdr9yb5b2g.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.2147/ijn.s622059",
  "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13715650",
  "id": "1ejfdr9yb5b2g",
  "issns": [
    "1176-9114",
    "1178-2013"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42953800",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY-NC",
  "licence_label": "CC BY-NC",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "Review"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2403|Immunotherapy and Immune Responses"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7223302064",
  "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13715650?pdf=render",
  "pmcid": "PMC13715650",
  "pmid": "42953800",
  "published": "2026-10-24",
  "publisher": "Dove Press",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/1ejfdr9yb5b2g.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-31T00:20:40Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42953800",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42953800"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-01T12:22:53Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13715650",
      "source": "pmc",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.2147/ijn.s622059"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biology",
      "origin": "openalex:2403|Immunotherapy and Immune Responses",
      "subfield": "immunology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Nanoengineered Biomaterials Manipulating Lymph Nodes for Effective Cancer Immunotherapy.",
  "title_text": "Nanoengineered Biomaterials Manipulating Lymph Nodes for Effective Cancer Immunotherapy.",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-01T12:22:53Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/1ejfdr9yb5b2g",
  "venue": "International journal of nanomedicine",
  "versions": []
}