{
  "abstract": "The densification of Fifth-Generation (5G) networks in millimeter-wave (mmWave) bands raises major challenges in terms of Energy Efficiency (EE), due to propagation losses, inter-cell interference, base station heterogeneity (macro/micro), and the costs induced by inter-cellular coordination. Although accurate, Monte Carlo (MC) simulations remain computationally expensive for large-scale analysis and parametric optimization. To address this limitation, we derive, based on spatial fluid theory, closed-form expressions of the Signal-to-Interference-plus-Noise Ratio (SINR) as well as semi-closed-form expressions of the data rate and EE for cooperative (Joint Transmission-Coordinated Multi-Points, JT-CoMP) and non-cooperative (No-CoMP) modes, while integrating standardized mmWave propagation models for Urban Macro (UMa) and Urban Micro (UMi) environments. This framework allows for a joint analysis of the impact of the network topology—including the concentric ring architecture characterized by the number of rings ( nrings ) and the Inter-Site Distance (ISD),— transmission power ( Ptx ) of macro and micro stations, and overall energy consumption, including transmission, radio frequency circuits, and backhaul. Based on the semi-analytic expressions for EE derived for No-CoMP and JT-CoMP modes in UMa and UMi environments, we demonstrate: 1) the identification of optimal network configurations ( nrings , Ptx , ISD) that maximize EE in large-scale mmWave networks; 2) the evaluation of backhaul energy consumption through a parameterized linear model that distinguishes macro- and micro-BSs; and 3) the identification of operating regimes in which the No-CoMP mode becomes more energy-efficient than JT-CoMP. The analytical and semi-analytical results are systematically validated through MC simulations across a wide range of realistic scenarios, confirming the accuracy and robustness of the proposed extensions. The fluid approach thus appears as a fast, interpretable, and generalizable tool for energy resource allocation in 5G mmWave networks, providing an effective alternative to purely numerical methods.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 2,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "Mohamad Younes"
    },
    {
      "name": "Clency Perrine"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/1ekagrwdwzs7z.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1109/ojcoms.2026.3728279",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "1ekagrwdwzs7z",
  "issns": [
    "2644-125X"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://hal.science/hal-05837744v1",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
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  "pdf_url": "https://hal.science/hal-05837744/document",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-26",
  "publisher": "IEEE",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/1ekagrwdwzs7z.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:18:01Z",
      "native_id": "hal-05837744",
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      "url": "https://hal.science/hal-05837744v1"
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  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "mathematics",
      "origin": "hal:1.math.math-oc",
      "subfield": "optimisation-control"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Spatial Fluid-Based Energy Efficiency Analysis and Optimization of JT-CoMP in UMa/UMi mmWave Networks",
  "title_text": "Spatial Fluid-Based Energy Efficiency Analysis and Optimization of JT-CoMP in UMa/UMi mmWave Networks",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:18:01Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/1ekagrwdwzs7z",
  "venue": "IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society",
  "versions": []
}