{
  "abstract": "Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by recurrent nodules, abscesses, draining tunnels, and scarring. Dysregulated IL-1 and inflammasome-associated pathways have been implicated in its pathogenesis, but their spatial distribution beyond clinically apparent lesions remains incompletely characterized. To assess topographic expression of NLRP3, caspase-1, IL-1β, and IL-18 across lesional, perilesional, and distant HS skin. Skin samples were obtained from eight biologic-untreated patients with HS, six patients receiving adalimumab, and five healthy controls. In HS, matched 6 mm full-thickness biopsies were obtained from the same axilla at an active inflammatory lesion (0 cm), clinically normal-appearing skin 2 cm from the visible lesion edge, and clinically uninvolved skin 10 cm from the lesion edge. Protein abundance was assessed by Western blot. Primary topographic effects were evaluated using mixed-design ANOVA with Benjamini–Hochberg FDR correction, supplemented by non-parametric and exploratory contrast analyses. No protein showed an FDR (false discovery rate)-significant overall site effect or cohort × site interaction in the primary analysis. In biologic-untreated HS, IL-18 showed an FDR-significant topographic effect (q = 0.0444), with higher expression at 0 cm than at 10 cm (q = 0.0469). An exploratory post hoc 2-versus-10 cm analysis identified a highly concordant IL-1β pattern: expression was higher at 2 cm in 7/8 biologic-untreated and 6/6 adalimumab-treated patients. Fisher’s combined probability remained significant after BH correction across the four proteins evaluated for this contrast (p = 0.00421, q4 = 0.0168), whereas comprehensive correction across all 12 protein × contrast combinations yielded q12 = 0.0505 and did not meet q < 0.05. Overall, 13/14 patients showed the same direction (92.9%; exact 95% CI 66.1–99.8%). IL-18 provided the clearest FDR-supported secondary topographic finding. IL-1β showed a highly concordant but hypothesis-generating perilesional-to-distant spatial pattern, whereas total NLRP3 and caspase-1 did not show robust FDR-adjusted spatial variation.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Smoluchowskiego 17 Street, 80-214 Gdansk, Poland",
    "Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Clinical Centre in Gdansk, Dębinki 7 Street, 80-952 Gdansk, Poland",
    "Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1 Street, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland",
    "Department of Biophysics, Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany",
    "Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology, 90139 Palermo, Italy"
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 5,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Miłosz Lewandowski",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-3561-5705"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2,
        3,
        4
      ],
      "name": "Magdalena Górska-Ponikowska",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-7366-8429"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Anna Jakubczyk-Słabicka"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Zuzanna Świerczewska",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-3555-3070"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Wioletta Barańska-Rybak",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-4018-6706"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/1fdcs2wm6pwr8.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3390/ijms27209085",
  "fulltext_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13705355/?tool=EBI",
  "id": "1fdcs2wm6pwr8",
  "issns": [
    "1422-0067"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/27/20/9085",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "2708|Hidradenitis Suppurativa and Treatments"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7221600345",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13705355/pdf/?tool=EBI",
  "pmcid": "PMC13705355",
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-01",
  "publisher": "MDPI AG",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/1fdcs2wm6pwr8.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:18:55Z",
      "native_id": "10.3390/ijms27209085",
      "source": "crossref",
      "url": "https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/27/20/9085"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:21:34Z",
      "native_id": "PMC:PMC13705355",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13705355"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2708|Hidradenitis Suppurativa and Treatments",
      "subfield": "general"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Topographic Expression of IL-1β and Inflammasome-Associated Proteins in Lesional, Perilesional, and Distant Hidradenitis Suppurativa Skin",
  "title_text": "Topographic Expression of IL-1β and Inflammasome-Associated Proteins in Lesional, Perilesional, and Distant Hidradenitis Suppurativa Skin",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:21:34Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/1fdcs2wm6pwr8",
  "venue": "International Journal of Molecular Sciences",
  "versions": []
}