{
  "abstract": "Electroencephalography (EEG) is widely used to monitor brain activity in both clinical and research settings. However, conventional scalp EEG systems require multiple electrodes, specialised equipment, and trained personnel, which limits their practicality for long-term monitoring in everyday environments. In-ear EEG has emerged as a promising wearable alternative that enables discreet and portable neural monitoring. This systematic review examines the current state of research on in-ear EEG technologies. Twenty-four studies met the inclusion criteria and were analysed thematically. The literature highlights rapid progress in device miniaturisation and wearable design, with reported applications including sleep monitoring, seizure detection, cognitive workload assessment, fatigue monitoring, and emotion recognition. Despite these advances, challenges remain related to signal quality, spatial coverage, and motion artefacts. Further research is required to validate in-ear EEG for broader clinical and real-world applications.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Cutrale Perioperative and Ageing Group, Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London",
    "St. Catherine’s College, University of Oxford",
    "Department of Oncology, University of Oxford",
    "Division of Medicine, Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London",
    "Department of Psychosocial Rehabilitation, Medical University of Lodz",
    "Collaborating Centre for Values-based Practice, St. Catherine’s College, University of Oxford",
    "Luton & Dunstable University Hospital"
  ],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 7,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Chirag Haria"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1,
        2,
        3,
        4,
        5
      ],
      "name": "Benjamin H. L. Harris"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        6
      ],
      "name": "Lucy Mortimer"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        6
      ],
      "name": "Katarzyna Platek-Johnson"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        6
      ],
      "name": "Simon Freilich"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Louis J. Koizia"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Michael B. Fertleman"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/1fpadmmaxe44x.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3389/fneur.2026.1914159",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "1fpadmmaxe44x",
  "issns": [
    "1664-2295"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fneur.2026.1914159/full",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "2805|EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7223932151",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/neurology/articles/10.3389/fneur.2026.1914159/pdf",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-27",
  "publisher": "Frontiers Media SA",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/1fpadmmaxe44x.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:20:16Z",
      "native_id": "10.3389/fneur.2026.1914159",
      "source": "crossref",
      "url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fneur.2026.1914159/full"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biology",
      "origin": "openalex:2805|EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces",
      "subfield": "neuroscience"
    }
  ],
  "title": "In-ear electroencephalography: a systematic review of technology, applications, challenges, and future directions",
  "title_text": "In-ear electroencephalography: a systematic review of technology, applications, challenges, and future directions",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:20:16Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/1fpadmmaxe44x",
  "venue": "Frontiers in Neurology",
  "versions": []
}