{
  "abstract": "Background/Objectives: Organic matter can compromise cleaning and disinfection (C&D) efficacy, making Salmonella control on farms challenging. This study aimed to characterize the in vitro lytic activity of individual bacteriophages (BPs) against mST and other Salmonella serovars of public health importance and to select BPs with complementary lytic profiles for cocktail formulation. The resulting BP cocktail was then evaluated against multidrug-resistant mST under simulated poultry farm conditions on metal, concrete, and plastic slat surfaces in the presence of organic matter, while BP persistence and viability were monitored over time. Methods: Individual BPs were screened for lytic activity against mST, SE, ST, SV, SH, and SI, and four BPs with complementary lytic profiles were selected and combined into a cocktail at 10⁷ PFU/mL. The resulting BP cocktail was then evaluated under simulated poultry farm conditions for its ability to control mST on metal, concrete, and plastic slats. The surfaces were then contaminated with poultry faeces artificially inoculated with mST at 10⁶ CFU/g and treated with two applications of the BP cocktail at a 24 h interval. Salmonella detection and BP persistence on the different surfaces were monitored throughout the experiment. Results: Following the first BP application, Salmonella detection was significantly reduced, with no Salmonella detected on metal surfaces. After the second application, Salmonella was no longer detected on any of the treated surfaces. In addition, the BP cocktail persisted on all surfaces, maintaining a titre of 5.14 log₁₀ PFU/mL at the end of the experimental period. Conclusions: The selected BP cocktail demonstrated lytic activity against six epidemiologically important Salmonella serovars and reduced multidrug-resistant mST on faeces-contaminated poultry surfaces after two applications. These results support its potential use as a complementary biosanitation strategy for C&D procedures.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Institute of Science and Animal Technology, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camí de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain.",
    "Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Alfara del Patriarca, 46115 Valencia, Spain.",
    "Department of Poultry Management and Pathology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.",
    "Department of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.",
    "Sequencing and Bioinformatics Service, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research of Valencia Region-FISABIO, 46020 Valencia, Spain."
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 7,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Nicla Gentile",
      "orcid": "0009-0004-0968-4581"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Laura Montoro-Dasi",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-3130-0933"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Ana Marco-Fuertes",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-9962-6254"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2,
        3
      ],
      "name": "Mircea Coroian",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-0772-3343"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Giuseppe D'auria"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Laura Lorenzo-Rebenaque",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-4759-258X"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Clara Marin",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-6152-3778"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/1gw2p2j006zgy.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3390/antibiotics15100954",
  "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13700789",
  "id": "1gw2p2j006zgy",
  "issns": [
    "2079-6382"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42938695",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "2303|Bacteriophages and microbial interactions"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7214344050",
  "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13700789?pdf=render",
  "pmcid": "PMC13700789",
  "pmid": "42938695",
  "published": "2026-09-25",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/1gw2p2j006zgy.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:22:24Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42938695",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42938695"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biology",
      "origin": "openalex:2303|Bacteriophages and microbial interactions",
      "subfield": "ecology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "In Vitro Lytic Activity and Surface Persistence of Bacteriophages and Efficacy of a Phage Cocktail Against Multidrug-Resistant Monophasic Salmonella Typhimurium on Different Poultry Farm Surfaces.",
  "title_text": "In Vitro Lytic Activity and Surface Persistence of Bacteriophages and Efficacy of a Phage Cocktail Against Multidrug-Resistant Monophasic Salmonella Typhimurium on Different Poultry Farm Surfaces.",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:22:24Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/1gw2p2j006zgy",
  "venue": "Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland)",
  "versions": []
}