{
  "abstract": "Coronaviruses employ a distinctive discontinuous transcription mechanism to generate a nested set of subgenomic mRNAs (sgRNAs) from a single large positive-strand RNA genome. Transcription regulatory sequences (TRSs)-comprising a leader TRS (TRS-L) near the 5' end and multiple body TRSs (TRS-Bs) upstream of downstream open reading frames-serve as the primary cis-acting signals that direct polymerase pausing and template switching during negative-strand synthesis. The COVID-19 pandemic spurred intensive investigation of SARS-CoV-2 gene expression, yielding high-resolution transcriptome maps, genome-wide RNA structure data, and detailed structural models of the replication-transcription complex (RTC). TRS function is therefore best understood as a multi-scale property determined not by the core motif alone, but by the integration of primary-sequence complementarity, local RNA secondary structure, long-range RNA-RNA interactions, and RTC dynamics. This review provides an integrated view of TRS structure-function relationships, with emphasis on how these features collectively shape sgRNA abundance, junction diversity, recombination potential, and prospects for diagnostic and antiviral applications, including vaccines and therapeutics.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Department of Bioactive Material Science and Genetic Engineering Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54531, Republic of Korea."
  ],
  "article_type": "review article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 1,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Jinjong Myoung"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/1jfv80vz8paht.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.4014/jmb.2609.09039",
  "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13686802",
  "id": "1jfv80vz8paht",
  "issns": [
    "1017-7825",
    "1738-8872"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42894965",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "2725|SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7222923372",
  "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13686802?pdf=render",
  "pmcid": "PMC13686802",
  "pmid": "42894965",
  "published": "2026-10-19",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/1jfv80vz8paht.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:19:33Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42894965",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42894965"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2725|SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research",
      "subfield": "infectious-disease"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Transcription Regulatory Sequences in Coronaviruses: Mechanistic Foundations for Antivirals and Vaccines.",
  "title_text": "Transcription Regulatory Sequences in Coronaviruses: Mechanistic Foundations for Antivirals and Vaccines.",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:19:33Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/1jfv80vz8paht",
  "venue": "Journal of microbiology and biotechnology",
  "versions": []
}