{
  "abstract": "Introduction: Cognitive impairment is a neurological disorder defined as an inability to learn, think, judge, remember, and make decisions. The primary cause of chronic, age- related cognitive decline is Alzheimer’s disease (AD), which is frequently studied as a representative model. The current therapies for AD provide only symptomatic relief, which necessitates the need for safer, multi-target treatments. Trans- anethole, the primary constituent of Illicium verum , Pimpinella anisum , and Foeniculum vulgare , is an aromatic molecule that possesses several pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, which may have neuroprotective benefits.\n\nMethods: The current study integrated in silico , in vitro , and in vivo approaches to examine the neuroprotective potential of trans- anethole. In silico studies were carried out to find out the potential molecular targets and pathways associated with the effects of trans-anethole against AD- related cognitive dysfunction. Cytotoxicity, antioxidant activity, and cholinesterase inhibition were assessed in vitro on BV2 cells. Intracerebroventricular (ICV) administration of streptozotocin (STZ: 3 mg/kg) in rats induces an insulin-resistant brain state leading to progressive cognitive and memory impairment, a condition that closely relates to sporadic Alzheimer’s disease. ICV-STZ-induced Wistar rats were used to assess the effect of trans- anethole on AD-related cognitive dysfunction through behavioral, biochemical, and histopathological assessments.\n\nResults: A total of 174 common targets were identified, enriching pathways including apoptosis, AGE-RAGE, TNF, and PI3K- Akt signaling. Stable interactions were observed in molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations. Trans-anethole demonstrates moderate cholinesterase inhibition and antioxidant activity in BV2 cells. Comparing STZ- treated rats to disease control, trans-anethole at doses of 100 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg significantly reduced lipid peroxidation, restored antioxidant enzyme levels, and attenuated cholinergic dysfunction. Histopathological findings showed qualitative preservation of hippocampal neuronal morphology.\n\nDiscussion: Overall, these findings suggest that trans-anethole may represent a potential neuroprotective preclinical candidate for further investigation in Alzheimer’s disease-related cognitive dysfunction.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Pharmacology, NGSM Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (NGSMIPS), Nitte (Deemed to be University)",
    "Silicon Script Sciences Pvt. Ltd."
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 5,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Shruti S. Mole"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Prarambh S. R. Dwivedi"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Wilona Loren Lobo"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "C. S. Shastry"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Pukar Khanal"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/1k6hefafe7eds.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3389/fphar.2026.1954658",
  "fulltext_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13719536/?tool=EBI",
  "id": "1k6hefafe7eds",
  "issns": [
    "1663-9812"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2026.1954658/full",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "Original Research"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2707|Medicinal Plants and Neuroprotection"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7222447817",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/pharmacology/articles/10.3389/fphar.2026.1954658/pdf",
  "pmcid": "PMC13719536",
  "pmid": "42964137",
  "published": "2026-10-16",
  "publisher": "Frontiers Media SA",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/1k6hefafe7eds.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:20:06Z",
      "native_id": "10.3389/fphar.2026.1954658",
      "source": "crossref",
      "url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2026.1954658/full"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-31T12:21:36Z",
      "native_id": "PMC:PMC13719536",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13719536"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-02T12:23:29Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13719536",
      "source": "pmc",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2026.1954658"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "issn:1663-9812",
      "subfield": "pharmacology-toxicology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Trans-anethole attenuates streptozotocin-induced cognitive dysfunction by modulating oxidative stress and cholinergic activity",
  "title_text": "Trans-anethole attenuates streptozotocin-induced cognitive dysfunction by modulating oxidative stress and cholinergic activity",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-03T12:20:35Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/1k6hefafe7eds",
  "venue": "Frontiers in Pharmacology",
  "versions": []
}