{
  "abstract": "Background: Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) plays a major role in dental biofilm-related infections and contributes to antimicrobial resistance. Therefore, the development of biocompatible nanomaterials with antibacterial, antibiofilm, and regenerative properties is important for dental applications. Methods: In this study, hyaluronic acid and clove extract were used as natural precursors to synthesize hyaluronic acid-clove carbon dots (HCCDs) through a hydrothermal method. The synthesized HCCDs were characterized by XRD, FTIR, TEM, SEM, SAED and EDAX analysis. The antibacterial and antibiofilm activities against S. mutans were tested. Cell viability tests, AO/PI staining, morphological observation and wound-healing assays were used to evaluate cytocompatibility in MG-63 cells. Results: A broad peak (23.449) observed from XRD coincided with an amorphous graphitic carbon structure. TEM images showed the presence of a spherical nanostructure with an average size of 4 ± 2 nm. The FTIR result verified the presence of hydroxyl, carbonyl and oxygen-containing functional groups on the HCCD surface. Their synthesized HCCDs exhibited noteworthy antibacterial and antibiofilm activity with an MIC of 62.5 µg/mL against the S. mutans. Low toxicity toward MG-63 cells was observed, with 86% cell viability at 200 µg/mL in the cytocompatibility study. Additional good cellular compatibility was confirmed using AO/PI staining and morphological analysis. Furthermore, normal cell migration was observed, as wound healing assays showed no significant difference in closure between the treated and control groups. Conclusion: HCCDs exhibited antibacterial, antibiofilm, biocompatible, and wound-healing properties, highlighting their potential for dental nanomedicine and the treatment of oral biofilm-associated infections.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Applied Nano-Bio Therapeutics Laboratory, Department of Periodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, Tamil Nadu, India"
  ],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 2,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Aruchamy Mohanprasanth",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-9008-0814"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Natesan Thirumalaivasan",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-9757-6334"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/1p9cvh1jz3899.bib",
  "cited_by": 9,
  "doi": "10.3390/dj14070449",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "1p9cvh1jz3899",
  "issns": [
    "2304-6767"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/dj14070449",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "journal",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "2505|Carbon and Quantum Dots Applications"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7169595647",
  "pdf_url": null,
  "pmcid": "PMC13408938",
  "pmid": "42505757",
  "published": "2026-07-17",
  "publisher": "Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/1p9cvh1jz3899.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T13:27:00Z",
      "native_id": "W7169595647",
      "source": "openalex",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/dj14070449"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "chemistry",
      "origin": "openalex:2505|Carbon and Quantum Dots Applications",
      "subfield": "materials-polymers"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Deciphering Nano–Bio Interactions of Hyaluronic Acid-Clove Carbon Dots for Multifunctional Endodontic Nanotherapy",
  "title_text": "Deciphering Nano–Bio Interactions of Hyaluronic Acid-Clove Carbon Dots for Multifunctional Endodontic Nanotherapy",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-09T13:21:22Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/1p9cvh1jz3899",
  "venue": "Dentistry Journal",
  "versions": []
}