{
  "abstract": "Biomarkers play a pivotal role in contemporary medical research, particularly in the early diagnosis of diseases and personalized treatment. Although previous studies have systematically reviewed markers across various disease domains, an integrated framework that connects major physiological systems, encompasses multiple organs, and spans a broad spectrum of diseases is still lacking. In the context of modern health challenges, marked by the high prevalence of chronic diseases and widespread comorbidities, establishing a panoramic biomarker navigation system is imperative. This review offers the initial comprehensive elucidation of the biomarker interaction networks across diverse systems, organs, and diseases, and delineates the operational framework for establishing a “biomarker navigation system”. The core contribution of this work is a transition from ‘knowledge enumeration’ to a more integrated, systems‐level approach. This provides new perspectives in systems biology for understanding the shared pathological foundations of comorbidities. Furthermore, it provides a theoretical basis for a reorientation in medicine, from a focus on ‘treating existing diseases’ to ‘preventive interventions’ and from ‘single‐disease management’ to a comprehensive, systems‐based approach. To facilitate the exploration and application of this system–organ–disease–biomarker network, we developed the “Human Biomarker Navigator” web platform (http://www.hbiomarker.com), which allows researchers and clinicians to efficiently retrieve the functional characteristics and clinical significance of diverse biomarkers across different disease contexts.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Innovation Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences Jinan China",
    "Renji Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China",
    "College of Pharmacy, Inner Mongolia Medical University Hohhot China",
    "Department of Urology Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Urological Disease Prevention and Treatment, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China",
    "School of Life Sciences, Yangtze University Jingzhou China",
    "School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology Zibo China",
    "Department of Diet and Nutritional Sciences Ibadat International University Islamabad Pakistan",
    "Department of Thoracic Surgery the Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University Wuxi China",
    "College of Science, National University of Defense Technology Changsha China",
    "Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo and Biosensing, College of Biology, Hunan University Changsha China",
    "The Pq Laboratory of BiomeDx/Rx, Department of Biomedical Engineering Binghamton University Binghamton New York USA",
    "Department of Biology Science Faculty, Selcuk University Konya Turkey",
    "College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University Wuhan China",
    "National Institute of TCM Constitution and Preventive Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Beijing China",
    "State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Modernization, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University Hangzhou China",
    "School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University Hangzhou China",
    "Department of Laboratory Medicine Chongqing Center for Clinical Laboratory, Chongqing Academy of Medical Sciences, Chongqing General Hospital, School of Medicine, Chongqing University Chongqing China"
  ],
  "article_type": "review article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 30,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Meng‐Yao Li",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-7054-448X"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Qian Zhang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Zijie Wang",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-0148-5244"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Zeping Gui"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Jing Liu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Jingda Li"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Maojun Jiang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        5
      ],
      "name": "Zukang Chang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Qingqing Han"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Bendong Yang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        6
      ],
      "name": "Tariq Saeed"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Jun Li"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5
      ],
      "name": "Jinghan Jia"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        7
      ],
      "name": "Chenghu Song"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        8
      ],
      "name": "Tong Shao"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        9
      ],
      "name": "Tianhuan Peng"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Xueying Zhang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5
      ],
      "name": "Pingping Guo"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Jun Luo"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5
      ],
      "name": "Gangao Yang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        10
      ],
      "name": "Yuan Wan"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        11
      ],
      "name": "Gokhan Zengin"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        12
      ],
      "name": "Quan Yuan"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        13
      ],
      "name": "Lingru Li"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        14,
        15
      ],
      "name": "Xiaohui Fan",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-6336-3007"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        16
      ],
      "name": "Yang Luo"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        8
      ],
      "name": "Lvyun Zhu",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-2288-5981"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        13
      ],
      "name": "Yanfei Zheng",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-8199-6035"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        7
      ],
      "name": "Wenjun Mao",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-4644-9749"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        5
      ],
      "name": "Wenlong Sun",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-2560-652X"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/1patk5x45pxft.bib",
  "cited_by": 5,
  "doi": "10.1002/imt2.70157",
  "fulltext_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13494139/",
  "id": "1patk5x45pxft",
  "issns": [
    "2770-5986",
    "2770-596X"
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  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.1002/imt2.70157",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "Review Article"
    ],
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      "openalex",
      "1312|Bioinformatics and Genomic Networks"
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  "pdf_url": null,
  "pmcid": "PMC13494139",
  "pmid": "42630486",
  "published": "2026-08-20",
  "publisher": "Wiley",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/1patk5x45pxft.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-01T12:23:32Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13494139",
      "source": "pmc",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1002/imt2.70157"
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  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biochemistry",
      "origin": "openalex:1312|Bioinformatics and Genomic Networks",
      "subfield": "molecular-biology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Human biomarker navigator",
  "title_text": "Human biomarker navigator",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-02T12:20:46Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/1patk5x45pxft",
  "venue": "iMeta",
  "versions": []
}