{
  "abstract": "IntroductionInterleukin-1 is a central mediator of inflammation, with its activity governed by the opposing functions of the signaling-competent receptor IL-1R1 and the inhibitory decoy receptor IL-1R2. However, comprehensive profiling of IL-1 receptor co-expression across immune cell subsets in diseases with distinct pathogenesis remains limited.MethodsWe investigated the expression and co-expression patterns of IL-1R1 and IL-1R2 on twelve peripheral blood immune cell populations from patients with rheumatoid arthritis, patients with bronchial asthma, and healthy donors using multicolor flow cytometry. Receptor density was quantified as antibody-binding capacity per cell. Unsupervised clustering and logistic regression were applied to identify disease-associated candidate signatures and to develop exploratory diagnostic algorithms.ResultsExploratory dimensionality reduction suggested separation of the three groups in this cohort, with each disease displaying a distinct IL-1 receptor remodeling pattern. Bronchial asthma was characterized by a global shift toward the double-negative phenotype across most populations, profound decoy receptor deficiency, and a striking predominance of the double-positive phenotype in naive T cells. Rheumatoid arthritis exhibited a less pronounced double-negative shift, selective loss of decoy receptor on monocytes, and mixed cytotoxic T cell profiles with preserved signaling-competent phenotypes. Logistic regression models incorporating three parameters for RA showed high discrimination in this case-control cohort, with apparent and cross-validated performance remaining robust for this disease.ConclusionThese findings indicate that allergic and autoimmune inflammation are associated with distinct, cell-subset-specific IL-1 receptor signatures consistent with their divergent immunopathogenesis. The identified receptor profiles may serve as candidate biomarkers and provide hypotheses for mechanistic studies of interleukin-1 pathway dysregulation in chronic inflammatory diseases. The model requires external validation before any clinical application.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [],
  "article_type": "Original Research",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 7,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "J. V. Zhukova"
    },
    {
      "name": "J. A. Lopatnikova"
    },
    {
      "name": "N. S. Shkaruba"
    },
    {
      "name": "A. E. Sizikov"
    },
    {
      "name": "V. M. Nepomniashchikch"
    },
    {
      "name": "D. V. Demina"
    },
    {
      "name": "S. V. Sennikov"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/1qfz24m7bmvea.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3389/fimmu.2026.1988144",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "1qfz24m7bmvea",
  "issns": [
    "1664-3224"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1988144",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "feed-journal",
      "biology/immunology"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": null,
  "pdf_url": null,
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-11-10",
  "publisher": "Frontiers Media SA",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/1qfz24m7bmvea.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-10T06:20:54Z",
      "native_id": "10.3389/fimmu.2026.1988144",
      "source": "feed-frontiers",
      "url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1988144"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-10T12:23:11Z",
      "native_id": "10.3389/fimmu.2026.1988144",
      "source": "crossref",
      "url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1988144/full"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biology",
      "origin": "feed-journal:biology/immunology",
      "subfield": "immunology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "The first two principal IL-1 receptor co-expression remodeling in allergic and autoimmune inflammation reveals disease-associated differences",
  "title_text": "The first two principal IL-1 receptor co-expression remodeling in allergic and autoimmune inflammation reveals disease-associated differences",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-10T12:23:11Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/1qfz24m7bmvea",
  "venue": "Frontiers in Immunology",
  "versions": []
}