{
  "abstract": "Rapid and reliable detection of organophosphorus nerve agents is essential for public safety and individual protection. In this work, a flexible surface acoustic wave (SAW) gas sensor based on a hexafluoroisopropyl (HFIP)-functionalized polysiloxane (SXFA) sensitive film was developed for the detection of dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP), a widely used simulant of sarin (GB). SXFA was synthesized through a two-step route and systematically characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), 1H/19F/13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), gel permeation chromatography (GPC), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and scanning transmission electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (STEM/EDX). The results confirm the successful incorporation of HFIP groups and reveal a low glass-transition temperature (Tg = −23.5 °C, ΔCp = 0.295 J·g−1·K−1), a weight-average molecular weight of ~3200 g·mol−1, a thermal-stability limit of ~200 °C, and a characteristic HFIP side-chain cleavage at 343.4 °C with a final residue of 18.37%. The flexible device consisted of a polyimide (PI) substrate, a magnetron-sputtered AlN piezoelectric layer and silver interdigital transducers (IDTs) and operated at a center frequency of ~200 MHz; a rigid quartz-based delay line was used as a reference. The dependence of the insertion loss (IL) on film thickness was described by a third-order polynomial (R2 = 0.960), from which an optimal thickness window of 150–450 nm was identified, and 450 nm gave the best gas-sensing performance (response 23.5 mV at 3 mg·m−3 DMMP, IL −16.0 dB; mean ± SD, n = 3 independently prepared devices per thickness). The optimized sensor exhibited a linear response to DMMP from 0.4 to 6 mg·m−3 (y = 30.88x + 8.988, R2 = 0.9985) at 28.1 °C, fast response and recovery (~75 s each), excellent reproducibility (relative standard deviation, RSD = 0.50%, n = 7), pronounced selectivity towards DMMP and DFP over common interferents, and a 60-day response retention of 96.0%. The sensing mechanism is attributed to hydrogen-bonding adsorption between the acidic HFIP groups and the basic P=O moiety of DMMP, combined with mass-loading and film-viscoelastic effects. These results demonstrate that SXFA-functionalized flexible SAW devices are promising candidates for wearable and low-power detection of organophosphorus nerve agents.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "State Key Laboratory of Chemistry for NBC Hazards Protection, Beijing 102205, China"
  ],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 7,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Cancan Yan",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-1074-8672"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Yanze Wang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Junchao Yang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Jie Yang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Lin Zhang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Yong Pan",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-0494-6915"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Genwei Zhang"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/1r00zm7cnpnx1.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3390/polym18212651",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "1r00zm7cnpnx1",
  "issns": [
    "2073-4360"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/18/21/2651",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "2204|Acoustic Wave Resonator Technologies"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7223706993",
  "pdf_url": null,
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-26",
  "publisher": "MDPI AG",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/1r00zm7cnpnx1.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:18:44Z",
      "native_id": "10.3390/polym18212651",
      "source": "crossref",
      "url": "https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/18/21/2651"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "chemistry",
      "origin": "issn:2073-4360",
      "subfield": "materials-polymers"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Flexible Surface Acoustic Wave Sensor Based on an SXFA Sensitive Film for DMMP Detection",
  "title_text": "Flexible Surface Acoustic Wave Sensor Based on an SXFA Sensitive Film for DMMP Detection",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:18:44Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/1r00zm7cnpnx1",
  "venue": "Polymers",
  "versions": []
}