{
  "abstract": "Background\n\nEndometriosis is a chronic inflammatory condition and is one of the leading causes of infertility. The role of T helper (Th) cytokines in infertility remains largely unexamined, despite their recognized importance in endometriosis.Objectives\n\nTo investigate the serum and peritoneal fluid levels of IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-17A, IL-17F, and IFN-γ in women with endometriosis and to explore their correlations with disease severity.Methods\n\nEighty-seven infertile women undergoing diagnostic laparoscopy were included, comprising 44 endometriosis patients and 43 controls with benign gynecologic disorders. Serum and peritoneal cytokines were measured using Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Statistical analyses assessed differences and correlations with clinical parameters.Results\n\nBoth serum and peritoneal fluid levels of IL-4 and IL-5 were markedly higher in endometriosis patients compared to controls (P < 0.001). Although serum IL-10 levels did not show significant differences, there was an increase in peritoneal fluid (P < 0.001). Among those with endometriosis, serum levels of IL-4, IL-10, IL-17A, and IL-17F exhibited a positive correlation with the revised American Society for Reproductive Medicine score, while IL-17F indicated an inverse correlation with the Endometriosis Fertility Index (EFI) scores (r = -0.422, P = 0.004). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis demonstrated that IL-4 and IL-5 effectively distinguished endometriosis cases from controls, with IL-17F also providing significant predictive value for EFI scores (P = 0.015).Conclusions\n\nElevated IL-4 and IL-5 levels in endometriosis suggest a Th2-skewed immune response. Meanwhile, the correlation of IL-17A with disease severity and the inverse relationship of IL-17F with fertility scores highlight the complex role of the Th17 response. These findings enhance understanding of cytokine dysregulation in endometriosis and may guide future therapeutic strategies.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine , Universitas Airlangga , ,"
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 7,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Fadhil Ahsan"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Nanda Yuli Rahmawati"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "M. Y. Ardianta Widyanugraha"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Arif Tunjungseto"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Sri Ratna Dwiningsih"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Ashon Sa'adi"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Budi Santoso"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/1rvkdy2qjqa57.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.2478/abm-2026-0028",
  "fulltext_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13718365/?tool=EBI",
  "id": "1rvkdy2qjqa57",
  "issns": [
    "1905-7415",
    "1875-855X"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13718365",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "Original Article"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2743|Endometriosis Research and Treatment"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7224341038",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13718365/pdf/?tool=EBI",
  "pmcid": "PMC13718365",
  "pmid": "42960172",
  "published": "2026-08-31",
  "publisher": "De Gruyter",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/1rvkdy2qjqa57.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-31T00:20:37Z",
      "native_id": "PMC:PMC13718365",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13718365"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-01T00:20:52Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42960172",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42960172"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-02T12:22:24Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13718365",
      "source": "pmc",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.2478/abm-2026-0028"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2743|Endometriosis Research and Treatment",
      "subfield": "reproductive-child"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Dysregulated T helper cytokines in serum and peritoneal fluid of women with endometriosis-related infertility",
  "title_text": "Dysregulated T helper cytokines in serum and peritoneal fluid of women with endometriosis-related infertility",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-02T12:22:24Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/1rvkdy2qjqa57",
  "venue": "Asian biomedicine : research, reviews and news",
  "versions": []
}