{
  "abstract": "Intravesical Bacillus Calmette--Guérin (BCG) is an established treatment for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC), and recent evidence indicates that bladder BCG induces transcriptional and chromatin changes in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). However, the joint multi-omic structure of these BCG-associated changes and its potential to define transferable molecular signatures remain less well characterized. This study performed an exploratory integrative analysis of paired single-cell RNA-seq and ATAC-seq data from two NMIBC patients sampled before and after BCG treatment. Following preprocessing and barcode-level integration, 653 HSPCs were analysed using Multi-Omics Factor Analysis (MOFA+) with 2,000 HSPC-specific variable genes and 25,000 variable chromatin-accessibility peaks. Of ten latent factors, Factor~1 showed the strongest association with BCG status ($r=0.495$) and captured variation across both molecular views. RNA weights from Factor~1 were used to derive candidate gene signatures that showed partial consistency across patient-specific models. Cross-context evaluation showed associations with overall survival in TCGA-BLCA and recurrence in GSE199471, while a subset of signature genes showed consistent directional changes in monocytes following BCG vaccination in GSE184241. Together, these findings identify a candidate multi-omic axis associated with BCG exposure and suggest that its derived molecular signatures exhibit context-dependent behaviour across distinct biological and clinical settings.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": "2610.32999",
  "author_total": 1,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "Sadia Ruhama"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/1sgvdartsm44r.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.48550/arxiv.2610.32999",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "1sgvdartsm44r",
  "issns": [],
  "landing_url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.32999",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": "CC0-1.0",
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "arxiv",
      "q-bio.GN"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2403|Immune responses and vaccinations"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7223938844",
  "pdf_url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/2610.32999",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-06",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/1sgvdartsm44r.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:35:44Z",
      "native_id": "2610.32999",
      "source": "arxiv",
      "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.32999"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biology",
      "origin": "arxiv:q-bio.GN",
      "subfield": "genetics-genomics"
    }
  ],
  "title": "An Exploratory Multiome Analysis of a BCG-Associated HSPC Signature: Trained-Immunity Marker in Blood and an Adverse Prognostic Association in Tumour",
  "title_text": "An Exploratory Multiome Analysis of a BCG-Associated HSPC Signature: Trained-Immunity Marker in Blood and an Adverse Prognostic Association in Tumour",
  "type": "preprint",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:35:44Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/1sgvdartsm44r",
  "venue": "arXiv",
  "versions": []
}