{
  "abstract": "The next generation of bioelectronic interfaces demands materials that integrate biocompatibility, robust electrochemical performance and architectural functionality. Here, we introduce a low‐temperature fabrication approach for patterned titanium oxide‐coated titanium carbide nanowires (P‐TiO2@TiC‐NWs), utilizing room‐temperature sputter deposition, avoiding high‐temperature carbide synthesis. TiO2@TiC‐NWs combine the high‐aspect‐ratio architecture of TiO2‐NWs with the electrochemical performance of TiC, providing a tunable platform for bioelectronic interface design. By tuning sputtering pressure and duration, distinct TiC shell morphologies and compositions were engineered. Low‐pressure deposition produced a uniform conductive shell, favoring faster charge dynamics and a more ideal capacitive response, while high‐pressure deposition generated a carbon‐rich, cauliflower‐like morphology that increased electrochemically accessible surface area. TiO2@TiC‐NWs reached areal capacitances of 1.01 and 2.25 mF cm− 2 for 20 min deposition at 3 and 10 mTorr, respectively, compared with 117 µF cm− 2 and 1.35 mF cm− 2 for the corresponding planar TiC films. After 3000 cycles in physiological buffer, the 10 mTorr, 20 min sputtered sample retained 86% capacitance, while the 3 mTorr retained 75%. C2C12 myotubes cultured on P‐TiO2@TiC‐NW substrates exhibited preferential adhesion and directional alignment along the nanowire stripe axis, demonstrating the capacity of nanoscale surface topography to instruct anisotropic cell organization. Together, these features highlight P‐TiO2@TiC‐NWs as promising bioelectronic interfaces.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Faculty of Science Department of Physics King Abdulaziz University (KAU) Jeddah Saudi Arabia",
    "Organic Bioelectronics Laboratory Biological Science and Engineering Division King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal Saudi Arabia",
    "Core Labs King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal Saudi Arabia",
    "BESE Bioscience Program King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal Saudi Arabia",
    "Stem Cells, Organoid & Precise Engineering (SCOPE) Platform King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal Saudi Arabia"
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 17,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Roaa Sait",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-3567-434X"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Shofarul Wustoni",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-3059-4503"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Nabeel Aslam"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Camelia Florica",
      "orcid": "0009-0001-9983-9572"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Andrea Diaz‐Gaxiola",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-4493-1398"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Valentina‐Elena Musteata",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-2535-9066"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Mohammed K. Drad",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-4411-554X"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Stephen Ghandour",
      "orcid": "0009-0006-0686-6472"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Georgian Melinte",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-8845-0716"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Yaping Zhang",
      "orcid": "0009-0007-2071-937X"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Mohammed Nejib Hedhili",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-3624-036X"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Ahad Ali Syed",
      "orcid": "0009-0004-3046-2123"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Menouer Saidani"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Shahryar Khattak",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-0580-190X"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Imed Eddine‐Gallouzi"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Sahika Inal",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-1166-1512"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Hala Aljawhari",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-0794-8219"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/1tbmetxbhs1j6.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1002/smll.75473",
  "fulltext_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13725405/",
  "id": "1tbmetxbhs1j6",
  "issns": [
    "1613-6810",
    "1613-6829"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.75473",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY-NC-ND-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY-NC-ND 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "Research Article"
    ],
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      "openalex",
      "2804|Neuroscience and Neural Engineering"
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  "openalex": "W7204970116",
  "pdf_url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/smll.75473",
  "pmcid": "PMC13725405",
  "pmid": "42676190",
  "published": "2026-09-01",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/1tbmetxbhs1j6.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-04T12:23:48Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13725405",
      "source": "pmc",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.75473"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biology",
      "origin": "openalex:2804|Neuroscience and Neural Engineering",
      "subfield": "neuroscience"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Electrochemical and Biological Evaluation of Patterned TiO2@TiC‐Nanowires for Bio‐Interface Electrode",
  "title_text": "Electrochemical and Biological Evaluation of Patterned TiO2@TiC‐Nanowires for Bio‐Interface Electrode",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-06T12:21:41Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/1tbmetxbhs1j6",
  "venue": "Small (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)",
  "versions": []
}