{
  "abstract": "Safety planning depends on disclosure. Yet many suicidal patients conceal their suicidal intent from clinicians, often fearing the consequences of disclosure. Critics of contemporary suicide-prevention frameworks increasingly warn that a detection-and-containment approach may foster a defensive, algorithmic practice, but an encounter-level account of how such an approach may become counter-therapeutic has remained underdeveloped. Drawing on Internal Family Systems (IFS) theory, we propose one such account. We argue that suicidality is often best understood as a protective response to unbearable distress, conceptualized within IFS as a “firefighter” stance: a protective action whose catastrophic outcome nonetheless serves a function. More novelly, we suggest that containment-oriented safety planning can recruit the clinician into the `manager' role within the patient’s internal system, recreating within the therapeutic dyad the very manager–firefighter polarity that may contribute to the crisis. From this follows a specific paradox: a system that depends on disclosure may, under certain conditions, suppress the very disclosure on which it relies. The contribution of this paper is neither the functional interpretation of suicidality nor the critique of containment-oriented care, both of which are well established in the literature. Rather, it is the proposal that the clinical encounter itself may operate as an enactment of the patient’s own manager–firefighter polarity, and that it may create a concealment mechanism through which suppression-oriented care may undermine its own aims. From this account, we derive a falsifiable prediction that distinguishes it from alliance- and autonomy-based explanations: a containment-oriented approach should produce selective concealment of suicidal intent despite preserved engagement—a dissociation between sustained alliance and concealed suicidal intent that those explanations do not predict. Conditions for disconfirmation are specified.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University",
    "Mental Health Directorate, Barossa Hills Fleurieu Local Health Network"
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 1,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Jörg Strobel"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/1v50khtv124nc.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3389/fpsyt.2026.1903433",
  "fulltext_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13716783/?tool=EBI",
  "id": "1v50khtv124nc",
  "issns": [
    "1664-0640"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2026.1903433/full",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "Hypothesis and Theory"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "3203|Suicide and Self-Harm Studies"
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  ],
  "openalex": "W7222170405",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychiatry/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2026.1903433/pdf",
  "pmcid": "PMC13716783",
  "pmid": "42959310",
  "published": "2026-10-15",
  "publisher": "Frontiers Media SA",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/1v50khtv124nc.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:20:18Z",
      "native_id": "10.3389/fpsyt.2026.1903433",
      "source": "crossref",
      "url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2026.1903433/full"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-31T00:20:37Z",
      "native_id": "PMC:PMC13716783",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13716783"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-01T00:20:52Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42959310",
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      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42959310"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-01T12:23:59Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13716783",
      "source": "pmc",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2026.1903433"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:3203|Suicide and Self-Harm Studies",
      "subfield": "psychiatry"
    }
  ],
  "title": "When the clinician becomes the manager: safety planning as intrapsychic enactment and a testable Internal Family Systems reframing of suicide-specific care",
  "title_text": "When the clinician becomes the manager: safety planning as intrapsychic enactment and a testable Internal Family Systems reframing of suicide-specific care",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-02T12:21:13Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/1v50khtv124nc",
  "venue": "Frontiers in Psychiatry",
  "versions": []
}