{
  "abstract": "Ion transport in crystalline hosts is controlled by an applied potential that simultaneously sets ionic distribution and transport rate, restricting operation to a one-dimensional control space. Here we show that the transport rate of Li+ ions in double-gated van der Waals devices can be modulated while the system occupies fixed ionic-density states. We measure the ionic current along the van der Waals interfaces between hexagonal boron nitride and graphene or MoS2 while simultaneously monitoring the in-plane electronic response. The ionic current exhibits pronounced hysteresis, with plateaus marking discrete ionic-density states balanced by electronic charge, while an independently tuneable electrochemical-potential drop controls the ionic transport rate. The devices sustain over 1,000 switching cycles and function as hybrid ionic-electronic transistors capable of logic operations and memory retention, with ON/OFF ratios exceeding two orders of magnitude. This work demonstrates a two-dimensional control space for ions intercalated in layered materials.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [],
  "article_type": "Journal reference: Nano Letters (2026)",
  "arxiv": "2608.23227",
  "author_total": 10,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "E. Hoenig"
    },
    {
      "name": "X. Zhang"
    },
    {
      "name": "C. Li"
    },
    {
      "name": "J. Tong"
    },
    {
      "name": "G. Chen"
    },
    {
      "name": "L. Chen"
    },
    {
      "name": "D. Domaretskiy"
    },
    {
      "name": "D. R. da Costa"
    },
    {
      "name": "F. M. Peeters"
    },
    {
      "name": "M. Lozada-Hidalgo"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/1vdnfh5crvcdh.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.48550/arxiv.2608.23227",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "1vdnfh5crvcdh",
  "issns": [],
  "landing_url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.23227",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": "CC0-1.0",
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "arxiv",
      "cond-mat.mes-hall"
    ],
    [
      "arxiv",
      "physics.chem-ph"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": null,
  "pdf_url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/2608.23227",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-08-27",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/1vdnfh5crvcdh.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:36:22Z",
      "native_id": "2608.23227",
      "source": "arxiv",
      "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.23227"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "chemistry",
      "origin": "arxiv:physics.chem-ph",
      "subfield": "physical"
    },
    {
      "field": "physics",
      "origin": "arxiv:cond-mat.mes-hall",
      "subfield": "condensed-matter"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Electrostatic control of Li+ density and transport rate in double-gated van der Waals devices",
  "title_text": "Electrostatic control of Li+ density and transport rate in double-gated van der Waals devices",
  "type": "preprint",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-01T12:20:44Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/1vdnfh5crvcdh",
  "venue": "arXiv",
  "versions": [
    {
      "doi": "10.1021/acs.nanolett.6c02610",
      "pid": null,
      "relation": "published-as",
      "title": null,
      "venue": null
    }
  ]
}