{
  "abstract": "Developing cost-effective, bio-based adsorbents for hazardous battery industry effluents is a major environmental challenge. This study isolated cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) from primary paper sludge (PS)-a tissue manufacturing waste-via chemical modification using (2,2,6,6-Tetramethylpiperidin-1-yl)oxyl oxidation (TEMPO oxidation) and ultrasonication to fabricate highly porous aerogels. The PS-CNF aerogels were evaluated for removing battery-related metal ions (Pb 2+ , Cd 2+ , Co 2+ , Mn 2+ , Ni 2+ , and Li + ). To assess the structural impact of residual kaolin in the sludge, performance was compared against aerogels derived from fiber dust (FD) waste, as well as a commercial resin (Purolite C-100). The PS-CNF aerogels demonstrated superior maximum adsorption capacities of 39.28 mg/g for Pb 2+ , 29.80 mg/g for Cd 2+ , 21.05 mg/g for Co 2+ , 20.19 mg/g for Mn 2+ , 16.80 mg/g for Ni 2+ , and 11.33 mg/g for Li + . They consistently outperformed the FD-CNF matrix across the entire series. This enhanced efficiency is attributed to the residual kaolin in the paper sludge, which also acts as a physical spacer, increasing the aerogel's internal porosity. Adsorption generally followed the Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetics. Furthermore, the PS-CNF aerogels exhibited higher efficiency than the commercial Purolite C-100 cation exchange resin. Ultimately, this work demonstrates the potential of upcycling paper sludge into sustainable, high-performance adsorbents for treating toxic battery effluents.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Cellulose and Paper Department, National Research Centre, 33 El-Behouth Street, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt.",
    "Institut Européen des Membranes, IEM, UMR-5635, University of Montpellier, ENSCM, CNRS, 34095 Montpellier, France.",
    "Faculty of Applied Arts, Egyptian Russian University, Badr City 11829, Egypt."
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 7,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Wafaa Abou-Elseoud",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-6756-8827"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Shaimaa Fadel",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-6376-9093"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Enas Hassan",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-3874-2451"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Damien Quemener",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-9522-3781"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Karim Aissou",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-9236-464X"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Suming Li",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-3345-1479"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        2
      ],
      "name": "Mohammad Hassan",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-1929-8778"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/1vftsaknczdsg.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3390/gels12100935",
  "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13704091",
  "id": "1vftsaknczdsg",
  "issns": [
    "2310-2861"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://hal.umontpellier.fr/hal-05842465v1",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "hal",
      "0.chim"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2312|Adsorption and biosorption for pollutant removal"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7222968768",
  "pdf_url": "https://hal.umontpellier.fr/hal-05842465/document",
  "pmcid": "PMC13704091",
  "pmid": "42929969",
  "published": "2026-10-17",
  "publisher": "MDPI",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/1vftsaknczdsg.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:18:02Z",
      "native_id": "hal-05842465",
      "source": "hal",
      "url": "https://hal.umontpellier.fr/hal-05842465v1"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:22:01Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42929969",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42929969"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "earth",
      "origin": "openalex:2312|Adsorption and biosorption for pollutant removal",
      "subfield": "hydrology-soils"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Preparation of Cellulose Nanofiber Aerogels from Paper Sludge Waste and Their Use for the Removal of Metal Ions Used in Batteries from Water",
  "title_text": "Preparation of Cellulose Nanofiber Aerogels from Paper Sludge Waste and Their Use for the Removal of Metal Ions Used in Batteries from Water",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:22:01Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/1vftsaknczdsg",
  "venue": "Gels",
  "versions": []
}