{
  "abstract": "Background: Patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) frequently exhibit nonadherence characterized by delayed or missed doses while taking riluzole. This study aimed to provide a population pharmacokinetic (PPK) model informed individualized remedial regimens for patients who experience delayed or missed doses of riluzole.\n\nMethods: A PPK model for riluzole was developed via a nonlinear mixed-effect modeling approach based on 3,024 concentration-time points from 72 subjects. The final model was validated by multiple methods. Six remedial regimens for missed doses were simulated for concentration-time profiles under different scenarios, and the optimal remedial regimen was selected based on the least time of concentration beyond the normal range.\n\nResults: The PPK model of riluzole was best described with a two-compartment model with body weight as a covariate of peripheral distribution volume. The typical values of CL/F, V c /F, V p /F and Q were 67 L/h, 242 L, 376 L and 33.1 L/h, respectively. The model was showed acceptable performance by goodness-of-fit, visual predictive check, bootstrap analysis and normalized distribution prediction errors. Model-based remedial regimens for different missed scenarios were proposed.\n\nConclusion: A riluzole PPK model was developed and internally evaluated using multiple diagnostic approaches. Model-based remedial dosing strategies for different missed-dose scenarios were identified based on predefined PK criteria and Monte Carlo simulations. These exploratory strategies provide quantitative insights into riluzole exposure during nonadherent dosing conditions.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Linping Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine , ,",
    "Research Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Zhejiang University , ,"
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 4,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Changlong Liu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Qing Tang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Lingyan Yu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Zhenwei Yu"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/1xhqmmhg8cvvp.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3389/fphar.2026.1890355",
  "fulltext_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13661369/?tool=EBI",
  "id": "1xhqmmhg8cvvp",
  "issns": [
    "1663-9812"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13661369",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "2735|Pharmaceutical studies and practices"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7214930828",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13661369/pdf/?tool=EBI",
  "pmcid": "PMC13661369",
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-09-30",
  "publisher": "Frontiers Media SA",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/1xhqmmhg8cvvp.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:17:20Z",
      "native_id": "PMC:PMC13661369",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13661369"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:20:06Z",
      "native_id": "10.3389/fphar.2026.1890355",
      "source": "crossref",
      "url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2026.1890355/full"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2735|Pharmaceutical studies and practices",
      "subfield": "reproductive-child"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Handling missed dose of riluzole by population pharmacokinetic model informed remedial regimen",
  "title_text": "Handling missed dose of riluzole by population pharmacokinetic model informed remedial regimen",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:20:06Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/1xhqmmhg8cvvp",
  "venue": "Frontiers in pharmacology",
  "versions": []
}