{
  "abstract": "Ischemic stroke remains a leading cause of disability worldwide, and angiogenesis is critical for functional recovery. Although andrographolide (ANP) has anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties, its role in post-stroke angiogenesis remains unclear. Here, we investigated whether ANP promotes post-ischemic angiogenesis by modulating microglia-endothelial crosstalk. Using a ferric chloride (FeCl₃)-induced carotid artery thrombosis model in male C57BL/6J mice, we found that ANP treatment (2.5 mg/kg) attenuated ischemic brain injury and neurological deficits, enhanced vascular stability, and improved cerebral blood perfusion. Mechanistically, ANP promoted a pro-reparative M2-like microglial state characterized by coordinated transcriptional changes, increased CD206 and IL-10, and reduced CD86 expression. ANP-treated microglia enhanced endothelial cell migration and tube formation while preserving tight-junction integrity through paracrine signaling. Co-immunoprecipitation and gain- and loss-of-function experiments further supported a microglial IL-10-dependent endothelial VEGFR2 upregulation. Together, these findings demonstrate that ANP promotes post-stroke reparative angiogenic activity through IL-10-mediated M2-like microglia-endothelial crosstalk involving endothelial VEGFR2 upregulation, linking its immunomodulatory effects to angiogenesis and highlighting microglia-endothelial crosstalk as a potential therapeutic target for ischemic stroke recovery.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "College of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.",
    "School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.",
    "Center for Paralysis Research, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA."
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 9,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Hongfei Li"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Hairong Xiang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Xinyu Li"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Jiazhen Xie"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Linfeng Zhao"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Lan Yang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Riyi Shi"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Yong Wang",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-6602-0491"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Liangqin Shi"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/1xmk2k80yn43b.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3390/biology15191715",
  "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13663447",
  "id": "1xmk2k80yn43b",
  "issns": [
    "2079-7737"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42883388",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "2808|Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7214683632",
  "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13663447?pdf=render",
  "pmcid": "PMC13663447",
  "pmid": "42883388",
  "published": "2026-09-26",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/1xmk2k80yn43b.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:19:16Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42883388",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42883388"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2808|Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms",
      "subfield": "neurology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Andrographolide Promotes Post-Ischemic Endothelial Angiogenic Activity via IL-10-Mediated M2-Like Microglia-Endothelial Crosstalk Involving Endothelial VEGFR2 Upregulation.",
  "title_text": "Andrographolide Promotes Post-Ischemic Endothelial Angiogenic Activity via IL-10-Mediated M2-Like Microglia-Endothelial Crosstalk Involving Endothelial VEGFR2 Upregulation.",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:19:16Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/1xmk2k80yn43b",
  "venue": "Biology",
  "versions": []
}