{
  "abstract": "Plants activate pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) and effector-triggered immunity (ETI) to combat pathogens. However, how these systems coordinate immune activation while preventing autoimmunity remains poorly understood. In this study, we uncovered a regulatory mechanism in which surface immune signaling unlocks nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NLR) immune receptor activation through mRNA splicing. We identified an N-terminal prodomain in the potato late blight resistance protein Rpi-vnt1.1 that inhibits resistosome formation, preventing potential autoactivation of this NLR. Upon pathogen perception, PTI signaling induced alternative splicing of Rpi-vnt1.1 mRNA, removing this inhibitory element. This primed Rpi-vnt1.1 for activation by the Phytophthora infestans effector AVRvnt1, enabling resistosome assembly and immune signaling. The widespread conservation of N-terminal extensions in coiled coil–type NLRs points to a common regulatory mechanism in preventing potential autoactivation while preserving pathogen sensitivity.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "State Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Forestry Biosecurity, Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, The Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China",
    "Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK",
    "The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, UK"
  ],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 15,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Chuyun Gao",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-6116-0011"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Xi Meng",
      "orcid": "0009-0002-4623-0242"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "X S Chen",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-3813-6080"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Leiyun Yang",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-1313-2630"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Tarhan Ibrahim",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-2437-4723"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "AmirAli Toghani",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-0644-699X"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Enoch Lok Him Yuen",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-7933-0605"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Nick Moritz Eilmann",
      "orcid": "0009-0001-5291-8767"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Freddie J. King",
      "orcid": "0009-0001-6377-4244"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Kangping Li",
      "orcid": "0009-0009-5927-355X"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Luyao Wang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Biying Sun"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Yuanchao Wang",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-5803-5343"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Tolga O. Bozkurt",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-0507-6875"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Suomeng Dong",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-9623-6776"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/1xmz9znv6mwr4.bib",
  "cited_by": 9,
  "doi": "10.1126/science.adx9929",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "1xmz9znv6mwr4",
  "issns": [
    "0036-8075",
    "0193-4511",
    "1095-9203"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adx9929",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "journal",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "1110|Plant-Microbe Interactions and Immunity"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7167066731",
  "pdf_url": null,
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": "42391383",
  "published": "2026-07-02",
  "publisher": "American Association for the Advancement of Science",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/1xmz9znv6mwr4.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T13:26:50Z",
      "native_id": "W7167066731",
      "source": "openalex",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adx9929"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biology",
      "origin": "openalex:1110|Plant-Microbe Interactions and Immunity",
      "subfield": "plant-biology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Surface immune signaling unlocks NLR activation through mRNA alternative splicing",
  "title_text": "Surface immune signaling unlocks NLR activation through mRNA alternative splicing",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-09T13:21:08Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/1xmz9znv6mwr4",
  "venue": "Science",
  "versions": []
}