{
  "abstract": "Diclofenac (DCF) is a widely detected pharmaceutical whose persistence and biologically active transformation products raise environmental concern. This study evaluated DCF tolerance and removal by actinobacterial strains and integrated chemical performance with plant- and earthworm-based ecotoxicological responses. Phenotypic screening at 1, 5, and 10 g L−1 DCF revealed strain- and concentration-dependent responses in growth, sporulation, and pigment production, with Streptomyces sp. E5N50 and Streptomyces sp. Z2 selected for further study. In liquid assays, after 5 days of incubation, only low biomass production was observed when 50 mg L−1 DCF was supplied without glucose, relative to glucose-containing controls. E5N50 showed modest DCF removal (approximately 23–26%), while Z2 achieved 90.8% in glucose-supplemented medium and about 70% when glucose and ammonium were supplied. A seven-day time-course study with Streptomyces sp. Z2 showed that DCF removal continued after biomass had reached its maximum, suggesting that the process was not exclusively growth-associated. Ecotoxicological responses were organism- and endpoint-dependent. The glucose + DCF + Z2 treatment, associated with the highest DCF removal, significantly increased tomato radicle elongation, whereas glucose + ammonium + DCF + Z2 produced the most favorable Eisenia fetida response, with significantly reduced body-mass loss and increased coelomocyte abundance despite the lower DCF removal removalobserved in this treatment. Overall, Z2 exhibited potential for DCF removal under defined laboratory liquid-culture conditions, and the combined chemical and biological assessment highlighted that parent-compound removal and ecotoxicological improvement provide complementary measures of remediation performance.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos (PROIMI), CONICET, Av. Belgrano y Pasaje Caseros, Tucumán 4000, Argentina",
    "Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France",
    "Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Ayacucho 491, Tucumán 4000, Argentina",
    "Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Miguel Lillo 205, Tucumán 4000, Argentina"
  ],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 7,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Victoria Guadalupe Gonzalez Holc",
      "orcid": "0009-0002-6102-5917"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "María Alejandra Small"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Gonzalo Arnau",
      "orcid": "0009-0007-9811-9462"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Sylvie Lautru"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Jean-Luc Pernodet",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-6129-7093"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        2
      ],
      "name": "Juan Daniel Aparicio"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        3
      ],
      "name": "Marta Alejandra Polti",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-0184-0151"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/1y26rxyg1yqd3.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3390/ijms27219952",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "1y26rxyg1yqd3",
  "issns": [
    "1422-0067"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/27/21/9952",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [],
  "openalex": null,
  "pdf_url": null,
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-11-06",
  "publisher": "MDPI AG",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/1y26rxyg1yqd3.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-07T00:21:12Z",
      "native_id": "10.3390/ijms27219952",
      "source": "crossref",
      "url": "https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/27/21/9952"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biochemistry",
      "origin": "issn:1422-0067",
      "subfield": "general"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Diclofenac Removal by Actinobacterial Strains and Ecotoxicological Responses",
  "title_text": "Diclofenac Removal by Actinobacterial Strains and Ecotoxicological Responses",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-08T00:22:24Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/1y26rxyg1yqd3",
  "venue": "International Journal of Molecular Sciences",
  "versions": []
}