{
  "abstract": "Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) has gained increasing attention as an alternative approach to combat bacterial resistance, although the development of efficient visible-light photosensitizers (PSs) remains a major challenge. Despite the extensive investigation of coumarin derivatives for photodynamic applications, 2-thioxocoumarins have not previously been explored for aPDT. Herein, we introduce 2-thioxocoumarins as a new class of photosensitizers for aPDT through the rational design and synthesis of four derivatives (TCM-1–TCM-4). Thionation, combined with strategic bromination, modulated the photophysical and photochemical properties of the coumarin scaffold, promoting visible-light absorption and efficient generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) via both Type I and Type II photochemical pathways. Biological evaluation identified the monobrominated derivative TCM-2 as the lead photosensitizer, exhibiting potent light-induced antibacterial activity against methicillin-sensitive and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus with minimum inhibitory concentrations of 4–8 μM and no detectable dark toxicity. Although the tribrominated derivatives (TCM-3–TCM-4) exhibited enhanced Type I ROS generation, this was not accompanied by a proportional increase in photodynamic antibacterial activity, highlighting that efficient photodynamic inactivation depends not only on ROS generation but also on molecular properties governing bacterial interactions. These findings establish 2-thioxocoumarins as promising antimicrobial PSs for surface disinfection in healthcare settings and as a valuable molecular scaffold for the development of next-generation antimicrobial photosensitizers.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC) , Carrer dels Til·lers , ,",
    "Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB) , , Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), ,"
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 7,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Javier Ordóñez-Hernández",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-7720-3442"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Abel Jaume-Masferrer"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Jordi Hernando",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-1126-4138"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Marc Martínez-Miguel"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Claire Brazzi"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Elies Molins",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-1012-0551"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Rosario Núñez"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/1yqfczve14c90.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1021/acsomega.6c07980",
  "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13688472",
  "id": "1yqfczve14c90",
  "issns": [
    "2470-1343"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://pubs.acs.org/acsodf/article/11/41/63755/5444114/Introducing-2-Thioxocoumarins-as-a-New-Class-of",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "2740|Photodynamic Therapy Research Studies"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7215757917",
  "pdf_url": "https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/acsomega.6c07980",
  "pmcid": "PMC13688472",
  "pmid": "42923405",
  "published": "2026-10-02",
  "publisher": "American Chemical Society (ACS)",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/1yqfczve14c90.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:18:39Z",
      "native_id": "10.1021/acsomega.6c07980",
      "source": "crossref",
      "url": "https://pubs.acs.org/acsodf/article/11/41/63755/5444114/Introducing-2-Thioxocoumarins-as-a-New-Class-of"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:20:36Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42923405",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42923405"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2740|Photodynamic Therapy Research Studies",
      "subfield": "general"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Introducing 2-Thioxocoumarins as a New Class of Photosensitizers for Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy",
  "title_text": "Introducing 2-Thioxocoumarins as a New Class of Photosensitizers for Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:20:36Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/1yqfczve14c90",
  "venue": "ACS Omega",
  "versions": []
}