{
  "abstract": "Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells have revolutionized oncology, delivering unprecedented clinical responses in patients with refractory B-cell malignancies. However, the traditional autologous paradigm - encompassing patient-specific leukapheresis, genetic modification, and extensive ex vivo expansion - imposes severe constraints on manufacturing timelines, costs, and global scalability. Allogeneic universal CAR-T (uCAR-T) reimagines this therapeutic unit as an \"off-the-shelf\" cellular medicine, utilizing healthy donor-derived cells produced in standardized batches to overcome the bottlenecks of individualized therapy. Over the past decade, the field has transitioned from foundational proof-of-concept studies in murine models to sophisticated early-phase human clinical trials. This review delineates the core biological and engineering principles of uCAR-T, specifically focusing on the genomic strategies employed to mitigate graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) and host-versus-graft disease (HvGD). We synthesize pivotal preclinical and clinical data alongside a comprehensive overview of the current clinical landscape. Furthermore, we highlight the primary translational hurdles remaining: ensuring durable CAR-T persistence and navigating the complexities of innate and adaptive immune rejection. We explore the potential for combination immunotherapies and specialized CAR architectures designed to penetrate solid tumors. Ultimately, uCAR-T is poised to democratize cellular immunotherapy, offering a scalable and transformative therapeutic perspective across diverse disease indications.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Sheng Yushou Center of Cell Biology and Immunology, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.",
    "State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.",
    "Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody, MOE, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.",
    "Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Shanghai Pudong New Area people's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China."
  ],
  "article_type": "review article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 5,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Zibo Liu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Zhongyao Cai"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Junshi Zhang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Xinran Yu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1,
        2,
        3
      ],
      "name": "Xuanming Yang",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-3261-8206"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/1yt91dze7fyxh.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1515/mr-2026-0017",
  "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13690057",
  "id": "1yt91dze7fyxh",
  "issns": [
    "2097-0773",
    "2749-9642"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42924291",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY-NC-ND",
  "licence_label": "CC BY-NC-ND",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "lcc",
      "R"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2730|CAR-T cell therapy research"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7163584652",
  "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13690057?pdf=render",
  "pmcid": "PMC13690057",
  "pmid": "42924291",
  "published": "2026-06-01",
  "publisher": "De Gruyter",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/1yt91dze7fyxh.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:21:02Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42924291",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42924291"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T13:47:20Z",
      "native_id": "76d845317b554a49bd4db41e124a304d",
      "source": "doaj",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1515/mr-2026-0017"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2730|CAR-T cell therapy research",
      "subfield": "oncology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Universal CAR-T cell therapy: overcoming key hurdles on the path to off-the-shelf adoption.",
  "title_text": "Universal CAR-T cell therapy: overcoming key hurdles on the path to off-the-shelf adoption.",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T13:47:20Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/1yt91dze7fyxh",
  "venue": "Medical review (2021)",
  "versions": []
}