{
  "abstract": "Aging is a multidimensional biological process that is not adequately captured by chronological age alone. Geroscience—the study of biological mechanisms that drive age-related functional decline and disease susceptibility—therefore requires biomarker frameworks that can identify biological aging trajectories and assess whether lifestyle-associated interventions meaningfully influence aging-related pathways. In this review, we propose a practical, mechanism-based framework for studying lifestyle-associated effects on cellular and whole-organism aging in humans. We examine major biomarker domains, including DNA-methylation-based epigenetic aging clocks, cellular senescence-associated measures, senescence-associated secretory phenotype factors, inflammaging mediators, oxidative stress indicators, mitochondrial function, metabolic and nutrient-sensing pathways, proteomic and metabolomic signatures, microbiome-associated markers, and functional measures of frailty, mobility, cognition, and resilience. We also discuss criteria for biomarker selection in exploratory and multicenter trials, emphasizing biological relevance, analytical validity, responsiveness to intervention, feasibility, reproducibility, and clinical interpretability. Finally, we outline a practical study-design roadmap integrating biospecimen collection, repeated assessments, core and exploratory biomarker panels, and functional endpoints. A biomarker-guided geroscience strategy may provide a practical route for connecting mechanistic aging biology with clinically relevant human studies designed to preserve healthspan and functional independence.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Science and Engineering, College of Nanotechnology, SUNY Albany, Albany, NY 12222, USA",
    "Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia",
    "Division of Medical and Biological Sciences, Tatarstan Academy of Sciences, 420111 Kazan, Russia",
    "Advanced Biotherapeutics Ltd., 20–22, Wenlock Road, London N1 7GU, UK",
    "Uppsala Inc., 67 Shady Brook Drive, Colora, MD 21917, USA",
    "Preventive Medicine Center (PMC), 1000 Asylum Avenue, #2109, Hartford, CT 06105, USA",
    "Pyunkang Korean Medicine Hospital, 21 Seon-ro 1-gil, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06733, Republic of Korea",
    "Department Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary",
    "HUN-REN-UD Pharmamodul Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary"
  ],
  "article_type": "review article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 10,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Stephen C. Rose",
      "orcid": "0009-0006-8313-9703"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1,
        2
      ],
      "name": "Albert A. Rizvanov",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-9427-5739"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Donald D. Haines"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Fred M. Cowan"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5
      ],
      "name": "Robert H. Silverstein"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Fadia F. Mahmoud"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1,
        2
      ],
      "name": "Valeriya V. Solovyeva",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-8776-3662"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Kristina V. Kitaeva",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-0704-8141"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        6
      ],
      "name": "Seo Hyo-Seok"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        7,
        8
      ],
      "name": "Arpad Tosaki"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/1yzs8fej8j1mz.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3390/biom16101504",
  "fulltext_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13702451/?tool=EBI",
  "id": "1yzs8fej8j1mz",
  "issns": [
    "2218-273X"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/16/10/1504",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "1302|Genetics, Aging, and Longevity in Model Organisms"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7221936845",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13702451/pdf/?tool=EBI",
  "pmcid": "PMC13702451",
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-01",
  "publisher": "MDPI AG",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/1yzs8fej8j1mz.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:18:59Z",
      "native_id": "10.3390/biom16101504",
      "source": "crossref",
      "url": "https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/16/10/1504"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:21:40Z",
      "native_id": "PMC:PMC13702451",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13702451"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biology",
      "origin": "openalex:1302|Genetics, Aging, and Longevity in Model Organisms",
      "subfield": "cell-biology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Lifestyle-Associated Biomarkers of Cellular and Whole-Organism Aging: A Practical Roadmap for Human Geroscience Trials",
  "title_text": "Lifestyle-Associated Biomarkers of Cellular and Whole-Organism Aging: A Practical Roadmap for Human Geroscience Trials",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:21:40Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/1yzs8fej8j1mz",
  "venue": "Biomolecules",
  "versions": []
}